Indeed Ubuntu Disks utility creates partition with the wrong id:
$ sudo fdisk /dev/sdc
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.27.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdc: 57,9 GiB, 62109253632 bytes, 121307136 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xcee48da0
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdc1 2048 121307135 121305088 57,9G 83 Linux
Command (m for help): q
When you create the partiton with GParted the partition gets created with the right id and it is perfectly visible under Windows:
$ sudo fdisk /dev/sdc
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.27.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdc: 57,9 GiB, 62109253632 bytes, 121307136 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0bce1084
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdc1 2048 121307135 121305088 57,9G 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
Command (m for help): q
$
It is always possibile to change the partition type with fdisk, but the conclusion is that it is better just to always use GParted.
Perhaps we shall file a bug ticket with Disks developers?