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Recently I have installed an older version of Ubuntu on my old machine. Whenever I try to install any software, I get an error saying it couldn't be found:
$ sudo apt-get install vlc
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
E: Couldn't find package vlc
The repositories for older releases that are not supported (like 11.04, 11.10 and 13.04) get moved to an archive server. There are repositories available at http://old-releases.ubuntu.com.
The reason for this is that it is now out of support and no longer receiving updates and security patches.
I would urge you to consider a supported distribution. If your computer is too old in terms of memory or processor then you should consider a distribution such as Lubuntu or Xubuntu.
If you want to continue using an outdated release then edit /etc/apt/sources.list and change archive.ubuntu.com and security.ubuntu.com to old-releases.ubuntu.com.
You can do this with sed:
sudo sed -i -re 's/([a-z]{2}\.)?archive.ubuntu.com|security.ubuntu.com/old-releases.ubuntu.com/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
then update with:
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
Sometimes, it might be faster to create backups of your system and reinstall using supported release instead.
Source: Can I keep using Ubuntu 9.04 if it's outdated?
Once you have performed the above steps to switch to the old-releases mirrors, update the Update Manager and then do do-release-upgrade:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-release-upgrader-core
sudo do-release-upgrade
See also EOLUpgrades - Community Help Wiki.
extras repository (for Skype etc)? Are they available anywhere after EOF?
Apr 27, 2013 at 1:00
sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list and modify it manually. I had to do it because I'm quite new and I don't know sed to make this work for karmic, Thanks, Your answer is still valid and correct.
Dec 3, 2013 at 19:08
sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list, as vi* is just annoying...
sed command doesn't always work, as there are mirrors that are run by organizations outside of ubuntu.com. I'm not even sure that there are three dots for all of the domain names. For those, you must manually edit /etc/apt/sources.list.
The 404 or Not Found error message is a HTTP standard response code indicating that the client was able to communicate with the server, but the server could not find what was requested.
The web site hosting server will typically generate "404 - Page Not Found" web page, when users attempts to follow a broken or dead link.
Ubuntu follows the approach of two different release cycles:
Normal Ubuntu releases are supported for 9 months. LTS releases are supported for 5 years.
Past releases may have different support schedules (for example, normal releases (before 13.04) used to be supported for 18 months, while LTS releases (before 12.04) used to be supported for 3 years on the desktop and 5 years on the server).
EOL: Once the support period for a particular release is over; they are called End Of Life (EOL) and all the updates and package repositories for that Release are transferred to a different server which results in 404 errors while running sudo apt-get update. You can confirm if your release has become EOL by going to this page. If your Ubuntu release is mentioned under "End Of Life (EOL)" Table, then the release is no longer supported and you should try to upgrade to a newer supported release. However, if you wish to continue using this unsupported release, you would have to make necessary modifications in /etc/apt/sources.list to point to the old-releases server of Ubuntu.
Open your Terminal:
Applications → Accessories → Terminal; ORTerminal.Run the following command to enter into root shell:
sudo -i
input your user password and press Enter. The prompt would change and would indicate that the root user is now logged in. Here run the following command:
gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
The file would open in a new Gedit window. Find the first line which doesn't start with #. Suppose you are running Karmic Koala (Ubuntu 9.10): it should be like the following line:
deb <siteurl> karmic main restricted
where, <siteurl> is your preferred server - http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu in your case (for example).
Press Ctrl + H to replace your <siteurl> with http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu.
http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu ie; <siteurl> http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu and Once again:
http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu (this exact url for all the Ubuntu Releases — whatever be the present server that you are using)http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntuSave your file and exit Gedit.
Run the following command to get out of root shell:
logout
You would find that the prompt switches back to indicate that your normal user is now logged in. Then run the following:
sudo apt-get update
There you go. No 404 Errors this time. You can now install all the available packages for your Ubuntu Release. You can also run sudo apt-get dist-upgrade to install any Security/Bug-fix updates which have not yet been installed but you won't get any further Security/Bug-fix updates from Ubuntu.
deb <siteurl>, then most likely your /etc/apt/sources.list file has become corrupted due to some reason. Please follow the answers given at: How do I restore the default repositories?. That would restore the correct /etc/apt/sources.list for you and then follow my answer to change the servers to point to the old-releases server.
gksu is no longer installed by default. And since the release would be EOL at this point, users won't be able to install it. It may be better to use nano or vim instead, with a normal sudo command. gksu may start causing confusion like in the following question: askubuntu.com/questions/797422/how-to-install-gksu-on-15-04
sources.list. Just make sure to not make any mistake. And if apt complaints about any error, then fix the mistake and re-run the apt command :-)
The short answer is to add the next apt repository to the Third-Party Software (or Other Software in newer versions) in Software Sources (or Software & Updates in newer versions):
deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu code_name main restricted universe multiverseThe long answer...
Well, actually we will do this without using any terminal. Not even once. Just GUI, I promise ;-)
First, open Software Sources (or Software & Updates in newer versions). It does not matter how old your Ubuntu is, there is certainly something like this. For Ubuntu 9.04 (Jaunty Jackalope), look at next image to see where it's located:
After Software Sources (or Software & Updates) is open, go in Ubuntu Software and Updates tabs and unselect everything like in next pictures. You don't need these things anymore since your Ubuntu version is End of Life:
Without closing Software Sources (or Software & Updates), go in Third-Party Software (for newest releases, this tab is named Other Software) tab and add a new apt repository. Insert exactly next line when you are asked:
deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jaunty main restricted universe multiverse
If your version of Ubuntu is not 9.04, replace in the above line jaunty with your Ubuntu codename (for example, if you have Ubuntu 9.10, replace it with karmic and so on):
Now, when you will close Software Sources (or Software & Updates), you will be asked to reload the information about available software. Just be sure that you have a working internet connection:
And now, you are free to download almost whatever you want. For 9.04, you can use Synaptic Package Manager. For newest releases, there is Ubuntu Software Center.
For example, to install VLC in Ubuntu 9.04 using Synaptic Package Manager, follow the instructions in the following pictures:
If you want to Update your Ubuntu to a new release, just go to System > Update Manager:
I tested this method from a live session of Ubuntu 9.04 (Jaunty Jackalope) and as you can see from these pictures it worked. If you are on an installed session of Ubuntu, you will be asked sometimes for root or admin password. Just insert your personal user password when you are asked.
I got here since I could not upgrade a system from 15.10 (EOL) to 16.04. But none of the answers worked for me, even after doing everything that was suggested here I kept getting from sudo do-release-upgrade the annoying response:
Checking for a new Ubuntu release
No new release found
And I had no success in running update-manager; it kept throwing exceptions which I could not resolve. I suspect something is corrupted in my 15.10 installation, but the bottom line is that the built-in upgrades just fail.
So I looked for a non-built-in method, and sure enough I found it looking at What does `do-release-upgrade` really do?.
Here is the solution that worked for me:
Locate the release you want to upgrade to. In my case it was Xenial Xerus (16.04 Long Term Support). You can find the corresponding codenames on Release - Ubuntu Wiki.
Locate the UpgradeTool URL. For xenial it was http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/xenial-updates/main/dist-upgrader-all/current/xenial.tar.gz. Download the tarball from that URL into an empty folder and and extract it.
Locate the executable file with the same name as the distribution (in my case xenial). Run it with sudo:
sudo ./xenial &
Approve the upgrade, and wait for the download to complete - there's thousands of files and likely over a Gigabyte. Proceed with installing the upgrade.
Wait until it completes, approve if asked. I don't recall the exact details
After the reboot the new version is running successfully, and all updates can be fetched normally.
meta-release file, which isn't updated to old-releases, but that's usually unnecessary. I recommend that users who encounter problems ensure the upgrade was at some point supported--one of these situations or that situation--and also consider combining this with the preparation other answers suggest, like enabling the old-releases server and upgrading all packages within the current release before starting.
Aug 19, 2019 at 17:34
To get apt-get working again, change your software sources to the old release repositories.
sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list
delete whatever is in there, and paste the following:
# Required
deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-security main restricted universe multiverse
# Optional
#deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
That's all.
While fossfreedom's answer does a good job of describing and solving the problem, I've found a variant solution that I think is easier and a little more elegant.
The trick is to add http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ as a mirror, and then tell Software Sources to switch to that mirror.
To do this, backup and edit /usr/share/python-apt/templates/Ubuntu.mirrors. Choose a fake location for the old-releases server (e.g. #LOC:US), and add the following line under it:
#LOC:US
http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/
Now open the system's Software Sources dialog, and manually select old-releases.ubuntu.com as though it were your regional mirror. You should find it listed under the fake location you chose in the previous step.
The next time you reload your package information via Synaptic or Update Manager, you should see it successfully retrieving updated package information.
If your Ubuntu (Kubuntu, Xubuntu, Mythbuntu, whatever-buntu) is really old, you will have to take three steps to upgrade to an up-to-date version:
Remember, you are only allowed to upgrade from one "normal" release to the next and from a Long Time Support (LTS) release to the next LTS release.
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.save
sudo sed -i -re 's/([a-z]{2}\.)?archive.ubuntu.com|security.ubuntu.com/old-releases.ubuntu.com/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade && sudo apt autoremove
Here you can try a release upgrade if your current release is not too old (sudo do-release-upgrade). If it fails, you may find some clues in /var/log/dist-upgrade/main.log which could help to find a fix.
If your release is too old, go to next step.
wget -O - http://changelogs.ubuntu.com/meta-release > meta-release
wget -O - http://changelogs.ubuntu.com/meta-release-lts > meta-release-lts
You must set Supported: 1 for each release.
Example: I was on Ubuntu 17.04 (Zesty Zapus) and set all the releases supported starting from artful.
Dist: artful
Name: Artful Aardvark
Version: 17.10
Date: Thu, 19 October 2017 17:10:00 UTC
Supported: 1
Description: This is the 17.10 release
Release-File: http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/artful-updates/Release
ReleaseNotes: http://changelogs.ubuntu.com/EOLReleaseAnnouncement
UpgradeTool: http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/artful-updates/main/dist-upgrader-all/current/artful.tar.gz
UpgradeToolSignature: http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/artful-updates/main/dist-upgrader-all/current/artful.tar.gz.gpg
…
Also, check that the URLs for UpgradeTool and UpgradeToolSignature start with http://old-releases.ubuntu.com (not http://archive.ubuntu.com).
/etc/update-manager/meta-release to point on local meta-releaseReplace the original URIs with URIs pointing on your local meta-release files
[METARELEASE]
URI = file:///home/chris/meta-release
URI_LTS = file:///home/chris/meta-release-lts
URI_UNSTABLE_POSTFIX = -development
URI_PROPOSED_POSTFIX = -proposed
sudo do-release-upgrade
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade && sudo apt autoremove
Reboot when asked to.
Redo it until your system is up to date.
When asked, answer that you want to keep your edited version of /etc/update-manager/meta-release excepted on the last upgrade.
The process described above worked for me to upgrade to an unsupported release, and then to the last LTS release and I couldn't upgrade anymore.
What I did: Ubuntu 17.04 (Zesty Zapus) → Ubuntu 17.10 (Artful Aardvark) → Ubuntu 18.04 (Bionic Beaver)
Then I found the -p (--proposed) option of do-release-upgrade.
do-release-upgrade -p
It tries to upgrade to the newest available release! And it worked: I skipped two releases and jumped directly from Ubuntu 18.04 (Bionic Beaver) to Ubuntu 19.10 (Eoan Ermine)!
Maybe it would have worked to upgrade Ubuntu 17.04 (Zesty Zapus) to Ubuntu 19.10 (Eoan Ermine) in one run.
It appears the Karmic repositories are no longer available.
Since they are for a previous version of Ubuntu, you might consider removing them from your sources list. Take a look at this help page for step-by-step.
You can find the repositories under the "old-releases" server http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/
And about how to edit the /etc/apt/sources.list https://help.ubuntu.com/community/EOLUpgrades
There is an edge case - apt-get claims 16.04 LTS does not exist - where the old package (Vivid, in my case) was not in on the "old-releases" server. But apt-get could only find kernel and Google updates.
I am not sure exactly what my problem was because I had blindly followed the accepted answers sed command (never a smart move).
This did not work because Vivid was not in the "old-releases" archive but was still on the gb.archive.ubuntu.com mirror.
In that specific case, the solution was as follows:
sudo -i
edit /etc/apt/sources.list
Carefully go through all the sources and discover one of them was old and wrong and had failed to be properly updated (or something). Or, as I did, search replace from old-releases.ubuntu.com to gb.archive.ubuntu.com. It then upgraded, without a problem, to the next release while I caught up on some reading.
So either:
gb.archive.unbuntu.com mirror has an older set of releases.The takeaway here is that while the majority of answers here may apply in some cases it would pay to be sure that your /etc/apt/sources.list is correct before you nuke it for the "old-releases" archive.
You can figure out which of the archive or your mirror has the version you need by simply pointing a browser tab at the archive and question and looking for your version name in the folder list. Whichever one has your version, is the source you need to use.
18.10 to 19.10 Ubuntu upgrade
If you have EOL release and if you do not afraid of reinstalling your system from scratch or just without formatting this older system, than you could try it. It tried only of curiocity and for testing purposes. Not real hardware, but VM have been used for this. DO NOT USE IT ON PROD. But strangely if you have EOL on prod.
Trying to correctly answer the question I've installed Ubuntu 18.10 eol into VirtualBox VM.
I changed current /etc/apt/sources.list to 18.04 Ubuntu's version:
deb http://ua.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted
deb http://ua.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted
deb http://ua.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic universe
deb http://ua.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates universe
deb http://ua.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic multiverse
deb http://ua.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates multiverse
deb http://ua.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu bionic partner
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security multiverse
Changed /etc/lsb-release to:
DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
DISTRIB_RELEASE=18.04
DISTRIB_CODENAME=bionic
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 18.04 lts"
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade && sudo do-release-upgrade
During upgrade it failed to restart different services and even rejected to reboot or shutdown correctly. I've powered the VM off and started it again.
It started without issues.
$ cat /etc/lsb-release && uname -a
DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
DISTRIB_RELEASE=19.10
DISTRIB_CODENAME=eoan
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 19.10"
Linux ubuntu18 5.3.0-40-generic #32-Ubuntu SMP Fri Jan 31 20:24:34 UTC 2020 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
Testing:
Applications are opened correctly.
/etc/apt/sources.list have been generated with duplicates of eoan repositories, so I've removed excessive records and now it is:
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ eoan main restricted
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ eoan-updates main restricted
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ eoan universe
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ eoan-updates universe
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ eoan multiverse
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ eoan-updates multiverse
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu eoan-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu eoan-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu eoan-security multiverse
Installed scribus, snap, mariadb-server, docker, openssh-server using sudo apt install without issues.
Installed gimp using snap: snap install gimp --classic (Authentication prompt appeared and after password input installation started)
It looks like a usual stable 19.10 Ubuntu system upgraded correctly as my host is.
In my case I was stuck in 19.04 for months because I didn't upgrades at time and I wasn't able to do the upgrade to 19.10 after that time. But the other day, Ubuntu automatically gives me the option to do a Partial Upgrade to 19.10 (maybe because I did a lot of stuff weeks ago, but sorry, I can't be sure the reason). So I did it and the result of lsb_release -a was Ubuntu 19.10. So I think I could be able to do another upgrade to 20.04.1, but isn't possible because 19.10 reached EOL.
The solution what I found today, 16 December 2020, to make an upgrade in Ubuntu 19.10 in EOL is to:
Edit /etc/apt/sources.list
Copy the following sources list (https://gist.github.com/ishad0w/788555191c7037e249a439542c53e170) :
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu focal partner
deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu focal partner
Paste it to your sources.list and disable with # the Eoan links.
In a terminal: update-manager. This will open the Software Updater window and check for updates and upgrades. Here is where I be able to make another Partial Upgrade, in this case, to 20.04.1LTS. Another lsb_release -a shows that I am in 20.04.1LTS.
I hope this will serve for someone, someday.
Merry Christmas to all.
http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/tohttp://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/(or your own respective two letter abbreviated county code at the beginning) starting from 17.10 (essentially in sync with going back to the beginning of the alphabet).us.archive.did not work, butold-releases.did.sudo do-release-upgrade.