Disabling IPv6 seems to have durably resolved the symptoms for me.
(I suspected that IPv6 might be relevant based on this old post https://productforums.google.com/forum/#!topic/chrome/P7qEIWA1__M.)
To check if IPv6 is active, go to the NM panel (wifi symbol near clock) and select Connection Information, like this:

If IPv6 is already ignored or inactive, this answer doesn't apply to you.
If IPv6 is active, then disable ("ignore") it in System Settings > Network like so:

Please comment with success/failure so that we can confirm this workaround.
I suspect other network services were unaffected because they use IPv4.
Original post:
I have exactly the same symptoms, browser version, and upgrade path. Firefox does not exhibit similar symptoms. Furthermore, I routinely access other network services (e.g., pypi, mvnrepository) during builds and have no issues there.
The chrome symptoms seem to vary widely. The most frequent symptom (as the OP noted) is the "Your connection was interrupted" error. Other symptoms include missing graphics, incompletely styled pages, and empty content (presumably ajax failures).
That is, the issue is specific to chrome on 17.10, and it affects multiple content types.