Like @zgoda said, there is no way of achieving that unless you use the unofficial releases of libiimobiledevie. However, for the time being, you can use a trick that involves a virtual machine. I have written a walk-through tutorial describing how to connect iOS 10+ devices to Linux hosts using a VirtualBox. I hope this is helpful.
Here is a summary of how this can be done, thanks @Zanna for your comment:
1) Install VirtualBox and VirtualBox Extension Pack
2) Install a Windows virtual machine, a free one can be obtained from Microsoft's website (couldn't link it as I need 10+ reputation). The virtual machine will expire in 90 days, so you should take a snapshot of the virtual machine once you are done configuring it.
3) Install Guest Additions on Windows VM.
4) Run the below command in Ubuntu's terminal, to add your user to VirtualBox's group.
sudo adduser $USER vboxusers
5) Enable USB and USB 2.0 (EHCI) controllers from the Virtual Machine's USB settings.
6) Done! Boot the VM and connect your iOS device, it should work. You can install iTunes on Windows. Also, create a shared folder between the VM and host. Finally, don't forget to take a snapshot of the VM.