Having difficulty getting Windows 10 option in grub2 [duplicate]

Question

Here is a report when I run boot-repair off a live-usb http://paste2.org/dtAWjmMU

So at this point I can either:

A. Set my booting priority in BIOS to my SSD with Ubuntu 16.04, get the grub2 menu but no option to boot into Windows 10 but two memtest86+ options.

or

B. Set my booting priority in BIOS to Windows Bootloader (the SSD with Windows 10), the computer starts up Windows 10 and grub2 doesn't show up at all.

How do I go about dual booting so that I can boot from my Ubuntu 16.04 drive -> grub2 and have the option to select which OS I want to boot from?

On a side note, is there a significance after this process is done for the memtest86+ options?

I've honestly tried a bunch of links but if there is one I missed that addresses this particular case please direct me.

Thank you

EDIT: A user posted a link to this question:

GRUB does not detect Windows

and after following those steps now I end up with no grub2 menu at all upon startup. Will edit further after I run boot-repair.

EDIT: After booting from live-usb and running boot-repair this is my report:

http://paste2.org/wx0jNMNI

So the original problem has now changed to not being able to boot into grub2 at all. Please don't direct me to more links that don't answer my question and make my problem worse.

Answer 1

Your fstab-file on sdb1 clearly shows that Ubuntu is installed in legacy-mode.

# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root /               ext4    errors=remount-ro 0       1
# /boot was on /dev/sda1 during installation
UUID=e622e0fb-2c28-46f6-83f3-e5a638dbadf3 /boot           ext2    defaults        0       2
#/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-swap_1 none            swap    sw              0       0
/dev/mapper/cryptswap1 none swap sw 0 0

Your drive sdb has MBR (dos-partition-table).

Windows is installed on sda in UEFI-mode. sda has GPT-partition-table.

You should convert drive sdb where Ubuntu is installed from MBR to GTP. To convert the drive from MBR to GPT boot the installer and choose Try Ubuntu without installing. Open terminal(Ctrl+Alt+T) and run command sudo gdisk sdb.

Upon start, gdisk attempts to identify the partition type in use on the disk.
If it finds valid GPT data, gdisk will use it. If gdisk finds a valid MBR but
no GPT data, it will attempt to  convert the  MBR  into GPT form. Upon
exiting  with  the  'w'  option,  gdisk replaces the MBR or disklabel with a GPT.
If you mistakenly launch gdisk on an MBR disk, you can safely  exit  the
program  without making any changes by using the 'q' option.

The MBR-to-GPT conversion will leave at least one gap in the  partition
numbering  if  the original MBR used logical partitions. These gaps are
harmless, but you can eliminate them by using the 's'  option,  if  you
like.

Then reinstall Ubuntu in UEFI-mode. To install in UEFI-mode you have to boot the installer in UEFI-mode, how you boot is how it installs.

You may create ESP (EFI System Partition, 500MB, FAT32, boot-flag) on sdb during install, but Grub will be installed on ESP of sda automatically.

Answer 2

Choose windows as your default. If you want to boot into Ubuntu press esc after you power on your PC. This will give you a list of options to boot into. (somePC's require you to press F9 after pressing Esc)