Type https://autoconfig.kde.org/ocs/providers.xml in browser.
Copy contents.
Create a providers.xml file and paste them into it.
Go to /etc/xdg/
Change this line
ProvidersUrl=http://download.kde.org/ocs/providers.xml
to
ProvidersUrl=file:///path/to/your/custom/xml/file/providers.xml
in all the files that have it.
I'm sure there is a single terminal command you can use to do that in all files, but I don't know what that is. Maybe someone can improve this answer. I suggest changing it on a single file first and testing the corresponding app first. The file that corresponds to the plasma add-on installer mentioned should have a pretty obviously fitting name.
I found the info in this guide and followed it myself for a different error:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/kde-runtime/+bug/1610665
I'm not sure why just changing the line to
ProvidersUrl=https://autoconfig.kde.org/ocs/providers.xml
wouldn't work. I can't test that, because I don't have the question's error.
Or why the guide uses a local path url that doesn't seem to work on my end...I posted here what worked for me.