While there are some great Linux audio players (and I would encourage you to explore them) there is absolutely nothing to stop you running your old friend Foobar on Ubuntu using Wine. Run the following from a Terminal:
sudo apt-get install wine
And then download and install Foobar:
cd $HOME/Desktop
wget https://www.foobar2000.org/files/d392066748f9762853bd06ad67f175fe/foobar2000_v1.3.10.exe
wine foobar2000_v1.3.10.exe
And this will be enough to get Foobar running nicely on Ubuntu. Below is a screenshot of Foobar running on Trusty Tahr:

If you are interested in extending Foobar a little further you could also consider using the same process to install Foobar's Free Encoder Pack...