I have made some, but not complete progress with the following.
For me, the standard pidgin sipe plugin, through Office Communicator, let me connect to Skype for Business and see my employer's user directory, but crucially, did not succeed in a test call or a call to another user, with a variety of error messages. Even text messages to others did not arrive, despite pidgin giving no error message. However, there is a newer version of the plugin, as indicated in this Reddit post:
Hello, as already mentioned Pidgin is the way to go.
Unfortunately the default version in more or less all the distributions comes with a combination of pidgin-sipe / libnice / gstreamer / farstream which doesn't work at all in the worst case (= only chat works), and doesn't allow calling Skype for Business clients in the best case (= you can only call Pidgin and Lync clients). The patches to make everything work are available upstream but some of the packages have not included them in official releases.
The solution for Ubuntu is to use this PPA: https://launchpad.net/~sipe-collab
which has been ported also to Fedora: https://copr.fedorainfracloud.org/coprs/dwmw2/sipecollab/
Starting from those two add-ons it can be made working on more or less all the other Linux distributions (we managed to get it working on CentOS 7).
HTH
To make it work, I did:
$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:sipe-collab/ppa
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install pidgin-sipe
Now, the test call works. However, when trying to join a conference call I got:
Failed to join the conference
no reason given