I've read a lot of similar topics, but nothing helped. Check out my little sad story:
I made a bootable USB with UNetbootin. I tried Ubuntu 12.04 and 14.04, Linux Mint 17.1, Fedora KDE, Zorin.
Before upgrading the BIOS, which is actually UEFI (absolutely no settings except boot sequence), I got a quick message:
Boot in secure mode
After upgrading BIOS I see this quick message:
\EFI\BOOT\fallback.efi": 14
and GRUB starts after that.
GRUB didn't see my Windows 7, but I thought it's OK.
Installation goes fine and at the end it asks to reboot. I press 'ok do it', but after rebooting I see that message (point 2) again. GRUB starts and doesn't see my fresh Ubuntu.
I tried to make an EFI first partition manually while installing and before it with Gparted (I DID IT A LOT OF TIMES), but nothing helped.
sudo update-grub
? Before start, read the documentation on dual-booting if you're doing this for the first time.