How to preview DDS and WEBP images on nautilus?

Question

I have too many images to search visually, so I cannot open each one of them individually.

What do I have to do or install to show DDS image previews on nautilus?

I would like to preview webp too if possible.

Answer 1

Create files at /usr/share/thumbnailers with these names and content:

DDS

From here: Write to dds.thumbnailer:

[Thumbnailer Entry]
Exec=/usr/bin/convert -thumbnail x%s %i png:%o
MimeType=image/x-dds;

WEBP

First install webp: sudo apt-get install webp.
Based on this. Write to webp.thumbnailer:
sudo gedit /usr/share/thumbnailers/webp.thumbnailer.

[Thumbnailer Entry]
Exec=/usr/bin/dwebp %i -scale 100 100 -o %o
MimeType=image/x-webp;image/webp;

and restart nautilus after fully quitting it with nautilus -q.

As pointed by @PereJoanMartorell I had to remove the files inside ~/.cache/thumbnails/fail at least.

Note

The problem with this webp approach is that all thumbnails will be 100x100 px.
But this script makes it work properly (and it can be highly simplified, see the answer below here , to not depend on ScriptEchoColor libs). Also the improved one based on it, for animated webp (looks interesting, haven't tried it yet tho, just learned webp could be animated!).
Obs.: on 18.04 and 20.04 it only works on nemo, on nautilus it is failing to generate the thumbnails but works to visualize'm.

Answer 2

Some methods for previewing WebP images on Nautilus (GNOME Files) and Nautilus-based file managers (Nemo, Caja).

For Ubuntu 21.04 and later

1. Install imagemagick

   sudo apt install imagemagick
   

2. Get the MIME type of WebP images

   • Right-click a WebP file, select Properties.
   • On the Basic tab, take note of what is in the parentheses for the Type field. It is usually image/webp.

3. Create a thumbnailer entry for WebP images

   • First, create a folder named thumbnailers in ~/.local/share.

     mkdir -p ~/.local/share/thumbnailers
     

   • Create a file named webp.thumbnailer in that folder.

     nano ~/.local/share/thumbnailers/webp.thumbnailer
     

   • Copy the following lines into the file (use Ctrl+C to copy, Ctrl+Shift+V to paste into nano window):

     [Thumbnailer Entry]
     Exec=/usr/bin/convert %i[0] -thumbnail %sx%s png:%o
     MimeType=image/webp;
     

   • Press Ctrl+O and Enter to save the file, and Ctrl+X to exit nano.

   Note: If the MIME type you got in step 2 is not in the third line listed above (the MimeType key), add it to the end of the line and optionally end the line with a semicolon (;).

4. Clear old cached thumbnails and restart the file manager

   • First, fully close the file manager with one of these commands:

     nautilus -q
     nemo -q
     caja -q
     

   • Next, delete cached failed thumbnails:

     rm -r ~/.cache/thumbnails/fail
     

   • Optionally, delete all cached thumbnails:

     rm -r ~/.cache/thumbnails/*
     

   • Finally, reopen the file manager. WebP images should have their thumbnails now.

For Ubuntu 14.04 to 20.10

1. Install webp

   sudo apt-get install webp
   

   This package provides the dwebp and webpmux tools, which will be used to convert WebP images into smaller PNG thumbnails.

2. Get the MIME type of WebP images

   • Right-click a WebP file, select Properties.
   • On the Basic tab, take note of what is in the parentheses for the Type field. It is usually image/webp (but it could also be audio/x-riff or even application/x-wine-extension-webp).

3. Create a thumbnailer script for WebP images

   • Create a file named webp-thumbnailer-bin in /usr/local/bin:

     sudo nano /usr/local/bin/webp-thumbnailer-bin
     

   • Copy this script (based on the methods from Script Echo Color and Aistis) into the file (use Ctrl+C to copy and Ctrl+Shift+V to paste into nano window):

     #!/bin/bash
     
     sInFile="$1"
     nSize="$2"
     sOutFile="$3"
     
     # Check whether the input image is an animated WebP
     sInfo="$(webpmux -info "$sInFile")"
     nAnimation="$(echo "$sInfo" | grep --count animation)"
     
     # Get the dimensions of the input image;
     # For a still image, they are the width and height
     # of the canvas;
     # For an animated image, they are the width and height
     # of the first frame of the image, which might be
     # different from those of the canvas.
     if [[ $nAnimation -eq 0 ]]; then
         sSize="$(echo "$sInfo" | grep Canvas | cut --delimiter=' ' --output-delimiter=$'\t' --fields=3,5)"
     else
         sSize="$(echo "$sInfo" | grep '^ *1:' | sed -r 's|^ *1: +([0-9]+) +([0-9]+) .*|\1\t\2|')"
     fi
     nWidth="$(echo "$sSize" | cut --fields=1)"
     nHeight="$(echo "$sSize" | cut --fields=2)"
     
     # Get the version number of `dwebp`
     sVersion="$(dwebp -version)"
     
     # Calculate new dimensions for the output thumbnail;
     # `dwebp` 0.5.0 and later support using 0 as a scaling
     # dimension;
     # With older versions, the smaller dimension has to be
     # manually calculated (using `bc`).
     if [[ $sVersion < 0.5.0 ]]; then
         if((nWidth>nHeight)); then
             nNewWidth="$nSize"
             nNewHeight="$(echo "scale=10;f=$nHeight*($nNewWidth/$nWidth);scale=0;f/1" | bc)"
         else
             nNewHeight="$nSize"
             nNewWidth="$(echo "scale=10;f=$nWidth*($nNewHeight/$nHeight);scale=0;f/1" | bc)"
         fi
     else
         if((nWidth>nHeight)); then
             nNewWidth="$nSize"
             nNewHeight=0
         else
             nNewHeight="$nSize"
             nNewWidth=0
         fi
     fi
     
     # Generate output thumbnail;
     # If the input image is an animated WebP, the first
     # frame is extracted with `webpmux` and used as input
     # for `dwebp`.
     # Versions of `dwebp` older than 0.4.1 do not support
     # reading WebP data from standard input, so the frame
     # has to be written to disk first.
     if [[ $nAnimation -eq 0 ]]; then
             /usr/bin/dwebp "$sInFile" -scale "$nNewWidth" "$nNewHeight" -o "$sOutFile"
     else
         if [[ $sVersion < 0.4.1 ]]; then
             /usr/bin/webpmux -get frame 1 "$sInFile" -o "$sOutFile".webp
             /usr/bin/dwebp "$sOutFile".webp -scale "$nNewWidth" "$nNewHeight" -o "$sOutFile"
             rm "$sOutFile".webp
         else
             /usr/bin/webpmux -get frame 1 "$sInFile" -o - | /usr/bin/dwebp -scale "$nNewWidth" "$nNewHeight" -o "$sOutFile" -- -
         fi
     fi
     

   • Press Ctrl+O and Enter to save the file, and Ctrl+X to exit nano and return to the terminal.
   • Make the file executable with:

     sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/webp-thumbnailer-bin
     

   Note: If you use Nemo or Caja, you can place this script somewhere in your home directory and run commands like the above without sudo, for example:

   mkdir -p ~/.local/bin
   nano ~/.local/bin/webp-thumbnailer-bin
   chmod +x ~/.local/bin/webp-thumbnailer-bin
   

4. Create a thumbnailer entry for WebP images

   • First, create a folder named thumbnailers in ~/.local/share.

     mkdir -p ~/.local/share/thumbnailers
     

   • Create a file named webp.thumbnailer in that folder.

     nano ~/.local/share/thumbnailers/webp.thumbnailer
     

   • Copy the following lines into the file (use Ctrl+C to copy, Ctrl+Shift+V to paste into nano window):

     [Thumbnailer Entry]
     Exec=/usr/local/bin/webp-thumbnailer-bin %i %s %o
     MimeType=image/webp;audio/x-riff;
     

   • Press Ctrl+O and Enter to save the file, and Ctrl+X to exit nano.

   Note: If the MIME type you got in step 2 is not in the MimeType key above, add it to the end of the line and optionally end the line with a semicolon (;).

5. Clear old cached thumbnails and restart the file manager

   • First, fully close the file manager with one of these commands:

     nautilus -q
     nemo -q
     caja -q
     

   • Next, delete cached failed thumbnails:

     rm -r ~/.cache/thumbnails/fail
     

   • Optionally, delete all cached thumbnails (if you previously used unoptimized thumbnailer entries or scripts that created large thumbnails):

     rm -r ~/.cache/thumbnails/*
     

   • Finally, reopen the file manager. WebP images should have their thumbnails now.

Notes

• Thumbnails for both still and animated WebP images will be created with the above methods.

• If you want the thumbnailer entry to be available to all users, place it in /usr/share/thumbnailers instead of ~/.local/share/thumbnailers:

  sudo nano /usr/share/thumbnailers/webp.thumbnailer
  

• A GUI text editor like gedit can also be used to create and edit the thumbnailer entry, but if you plan to place the entry in /usr/share/thumbnailers, using nano is strongly recommended.

• Some details for imagemagick's convert (skip this if you don't want to know all the nitty-gritty):

  [0] is specified so that, if the input image is an animated WebP, only the first frame is decompressed to a PNG thumbnail. Note that only imagemagick 6.9.10-68 and later (on Ubuntu 21.04 and later) support animated WebP encoding and decoding.

  -thumbnail %sx%s is used instead of just -thumbnail %s or -thumbnail x%s to ensure that both the width and height of the output thumbnail are at most 256 or 128 pixels, which is in line with the behavior of official thumbnailers. -thumbnail %s only limits the width and -thumbnail x%s only limits the height (see Image Geometry from ImageMagick).

  The format of the output image file is explicitly specified with png: because Nemo, Caja, and certain versions of Nautilus do not give output thumbnails a valid image extension. Without png:, convert would just creates files in the same format as the input (WebP in this case) for those file managers, leading to failed thumbnails.

---

Other methods

Notes:

• Only thumbnails for still (non-animated) WebP images will be created when using one of the following methods.
• The steps are similar to the methods above, so only the differences are presented.

Use gm (for Ubuntu 16.04 and later)

• Install graphicsmagick which provides the gm tool:

  sudo apt install graphicsmagick
  

• The contents of webp.thumbnailer:

  [Thumbnailer Entry]
  Exec=/usr/bin/gm convert %i[0] -thumbnail %sx%s png:%o
  MimeType=image/webp;
  

Use ffmpeg (for Ubuntu 16.04 and later)

• Install ffmpeg

  sudo apt install ffmpeg
  

• The contents of webp.thumbnailer:

  [Thumbnailer Entry]
  Exec=/usr/bin/ffmpeg -y -i %i -filter scale=%s:%s:force_original_aspect_ratio=1 -f apng %o
  MimeType=image/webp;
  

  Rationale: (skip this if you don't want to know the specifics)

  -y is specified to force ffmpeg to overwrite output thumbnails in the temporary directory. Without this option, failed thumbnails may not be regenerated.

  The output format is explicitly specified with -f apng because Nemo, Caja, and certain versions of Nautilus do not give output thumbnails a valid image extension. apng is actually for creating animated PNG files, but if the input is a still image, only a normal PNG is created.

  scale=%s:%s:force_original_aspect_ratio=1 is used so that the largest dimension of the output thumbnail is at most 128 or 256 pixels (which matches the behavior of official thumbnailers). See FFmpeg's documentation for the scale filter for more specifics.

Use totem-video-thumbnailer (for Ubuntu 14.04 and later)

• Install totem and gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad

  sudo apt-get install totem gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad
  

  The totem package provides totem-video-thumbnailer, while the gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad package comes with the codecs needed by totem-video-thumbnailer to handle WebP images.

  Note: totem is the default video player on GNOME desktops, so it's pre-installed on Ubuntu.

• The contents of webp.thumbnailer:

  • For Ubuntu 16.04 and later (or totem 3.11.90 and later): see Jan Broms's answer
  • For older Ubuntu releases (or older totem):

    [Thumbnailer Entry]
    Exec=/usr/bin/totem-video-thumbnailer -s %s --raw %u %o
    MimeType=image/webp;audio/x-riff;
    

  Rationale: (skip this if you don't want to know the whys and wherefores)

  totem-video-thumbnailer from totem older than 3.11.90 add borders (film strip overlay) to thumbnails by default. The --raw option is used to disable that feature.

Use dwebp (for Ubuntu 14.04 and later)

• Install webp which provides dwebp

  sudo apt install webp
  

• The contents of webp.thumbnailer:

  • For Ubuntu 18.04 and later (or dwebp 0.5.0 and later):

    [Thumbnailer Entry]
    Exec=/usr/bin/dwebp %i -resize %s 0 -o %o
    MimeType=image/webp;
    

  • For older Ubuntu releases (or older dwebp):

    [Thumbnailer Entry]
    Exec=/usr/bin/dwebp %i -o %o
    MimeType=image/webp;audio/x-riff;
    

  Note: If you use Nautilus on Ubuntu 18.04 or later or Caja on Ubuntu 20.04 or later, which do not automatically scales down thumbnails larger than the default thumbnail size (128x128 or 256x256 pixels), then you should employ one of the other methods (with which output thumbnails are properly resized).

---

Tested on

• Ubuntu 14.04, 16.04, 18.04, 20.04, 20.10, 21.04
• Linux Mint 20 Cinnamon
• Ubuntu MATE 20.04

Answer 3

The other solutions didn't work on my Ubuntu 20.04 and (after some stracing) I found Nautilus runs the thumbnailers through bwrap these days.

However, /usr/bin/convert on my comp is symlinked to /etc/alternatives/convert which in turn is symlinked to /usr/bin/convert-im6.q16. The problem is, since /etc as a whole does not happen to be bound by bwrap as it's used by Nautilus, the final path will not be found.

This works for me but you may need to adjust the exact path of convert:

[Thumbnailer Entry]
Exec=/usr/bin/convert-im6.q16 -thumbnail %s %i %o
MimeType=image/x-webp;image/webp;image/x-dds;

Answer 4

I followed @CalicoCat's instructions for generating thumbnails for static WebP images and made changes to the code in order to generate thumbnails for animated WebP images. Tested on Linux Mint 20.1. In @CalicoCat's 3rd step, change the code to the one bellow.

1. Edit the file (or create if missing) sudo nano /usr/bin/webp-thumbnailer-bin and replace the code with the one bellow

#!/bin/bash

strInFile="$1"
nMaxDimension="$2"
strOutFile="$3"

strInfo="`DISPLAY=NONE vwebp -info "$strInFile"`"
strSize="`echo "$strInfo" | grep Canvas | sed -r 's"Canvas: (.*) x (.*)"\1\t\2"'`"
nImgC="`echo "$strInfo" | grep VP8X | sed -r 's"VP8X: Found (.*) images in file \(loop count = (.*)\)"\1"'`"

nWidth="`echo "$strSize" | cut -f1`"
nHeight="`echo "$strSize" | cut -f2`"

if((nWidth>nHeight));then
    nNewWidth=$nMaxDimension
    nNewHeight=`bc <<< "scale=10;f=$nHeight*($nNewWidth/$nWidth);scale=0;f/1"`
else
    nNewHeight=$nMaxDimension
    nNewWidth=`bc <<< "scale=10;f=$nWidth*($nNewHeight/$nHeight);scale=0;f/1"`
fi

if [ "$nImgC" -eq 1 ]; then
    /usr/bin/dwebp "$strInFile" -scale $nNewWidth $nNewHeight -o "$strOutFile"
else
    /usr/bin/webpmux -get frame 1 "$strInFile" -o - | /usr/bin/dwebp -scale $nNewWidth $nNewHeight -o "$strOutFile" -- -
fi

If you weren't following @CalicoCat's instructions before then you need to do the other steps bellow.

2. Next, make the file executable

sudo chmod +x /usr/bin/webp-thumbnailer-bin

3. Then create a webp.thumbnailer file in /usr/share/thumbnailers

sudo nano /usr/share/thumbnailers/webp.thumbnailer

4. Copy the following contents into the file

[Thumbnailer Entry]
Exec=/usr/bin/webp-thumbnailer-bin %i 256 %o
MimeType=image/webp;image/x-webp;audio/x-riff;application/x-wine-extension-webp;

5. Lastly, clear the thumbnail cache and regenerate thumbnails

For Nautilus:

rm ~/.cache/thumbnails/fail/gnome-thumbnail-factory/*
rm ~/.cache/thumbnails/large/*
rm ~/.cache/thumbnails/normal/*
nautilus -q

or for Nemo

rm ~/.cache/thumbnails/fail/gnome-thumbnail-factory/*
rm ~/.cache/thumbnails/large/*
rm ~/.cache/thumbnails/normal/*
nemo -q

Explanation of the changes I made from @CalicoCat's answer:

I added a variable nImgC that gets the count of frames from the WebP file. If there is only a single frame, then the WebP image is static. Else, the WebP image is animated. So we use webpmux to extract the first frame and then dwebp to save it as a usable thumbnail.

For the animated WebP image's thumbnail I'm using the very first frame because using any other frame can produce artefacts in the thumbnail (-get frame 1 is the first frame, and -get frame 0 is reserved for getting the last frame which often has pixels missing because of how some animations are compressed).

Thanks to @ColioCat for the help

Thanks to @ColioCat for cutting off 2 unnecessary cut calls and simplifying the code with a little pipping.

/usr/bin/webpmux -get frame 1 "$strInFile" -o - | /usr/bin/dwebp -scale $nNewWidth $nNewHeight -o "$strOutFile" -- -

The above code replaced the code bellow, where we first had to write our webpmux grabbed frame to disk, use it in dwebp to convert it to something usable by nautilus or nemo, and then remove it. As suggested, I'm leaving the original code snippet here.

    /usr/bin/webpmux -get frame 1 "$strInFile" -o "$strOutFile".temp
    /usr/bin/dwebp "$strOutFile".temp -scale $nNewWidth $nNewHeight -o "$strOutFile"
    rm "$strOutFile".temp

Answer 5

ImageMagick has an option to convert webp and dds images. The full list of supported formats are here ImageMagick formats.

Remember for this to work you need first to install ImageMagick.

Now you can add a webp.thumbnailer file at /usr/share/thumbnailers with this lines:

[Thumbnailer Entry]
Exec=/usr/bin/magick %i -thumbnail %s %o
MimeType=image/x-webp;image/webp;image/x-dds;

And finally clear actual cached thumbnails with this commands:

rm ~/.cache/thumbnails/fail/gnome-thumbnail-factory/*
rm ~/.cache/thumbnails/large/*
rm ~/.cache/thumbnails/normal/*
nautilus -q

Answer 6

From Wikipedia Webp. As a derivative of the VP8 video format, it is a sister project to the WebM multimedia container format. So i tried totem-video-thumbnailer and it works.

[Thumbnailer Entry]
TryExec=/usr/bin/totem-video-thumbnailer
Exec=/usr/bin/totem-video-thumbnailer -s %s %u %o
MimeType=image/webp;image/x-webp; 

Answer 7

There is now a much simpler solution:

sudo apt install webp-pixbuf-loader

And that's it. Don't even need to restart Nautilus!