How can I create a video file from a set of jpg images?

Question

I am attempting to create a video file from a set of JPG images. I have adapted the instructions given in this question but have experienced some issues.

Firstly, not all of the required packages are available, but are replaced by libav-tools, which is already installed - so I think that's not an actual problem?

My files are named image-NN.jpg (NN being an integer) and I have used the command

avconv -i "image-%d.jpg" -r 25 -c:v libx264 -crf 20  -pix_fmt yuv420p movie.mov

as per the linked question, but this just gives a No such file image-%d.jpg error. I

I tried changing it to

avconv -i "image-*.jpg" -r 25 -c:v libx264 -crf 20  -pix_fmt yuv420p movie.mov

and this produces a video file of length 0:00 that appears to only contain one frame. (I am guessing that the * has used the first match, rather than every match).

This question gives a slightly different way of formatting the file name, so I tried

avconv -i "image-%02d.jpg" -r 25 -c:v libx264 -crf 20  -pix_fmt yuv420p movie.mov

This produces a larger file, and makes a video that lasts for about 3 seconds (approx the length I was expecting) but it contains just the first frame.

Another answer on the first linked question suggests using ImageMagick, so I gave this a try

convert -delay 1 image-*.jpg output.mp4

But this produced an error

convert.im6: delegate failed `"ffmpeg" -v -1 -mbd rd -trellis 2 -cmp 2 -subcmp 2 -g 300 -i "%M%%d.jpg" "%u.%m" 2> "%Z"' @ error/delegate.c/InvokeDelegate/1065.

The version of avconv is

carl@number1 ~/Scott's stop-motion/1 $ avconv -version
avconv version 9.18-6:9.18-0ubuntu0.14.04.1, Copyright (c) 2000-2014 the Libav developers
built on Mar 16 2015 13:19:10 with gcc 4.8 (Ubuntu 4.8.2-19ubuntu1)
avconv 9.18-6:9.18-0ubuntu0.14.04.1
libavutil     52.  3. 0 / 52.  3. 0
libavcodec    54. 35. 0 / 54. 35. 0
libavformat   54. 20. 4 / 54. 20. 4
libavdevice   53.  2. 0 / 53.  2. 0
libavfilter    3.  3. 0 /  3.  3. 0
libavresample  1.  0. 1 /  1.  0. 1
libswscale     2.  1. 1 /  2.  1. 1

Where am I going wrong, and what do I need to do?

Additional: It was suggested that I list every file individually, so with a bit of Python I generated this

avconv -i image-01.jpg image-02.jpg image-03.jpg image-04.jpg image-05.jpg image-06.jpg image-07.jpg image-08.jpg image-09.jpg image-10.jpg image-11.jpg image-12.jpg image-13.jpg image-14.jpg image-15.jpg image-16.jpg image-17.jpg image-18.jpg image-19.jpg image-20.jpg image-21.jpg image-22.jpg image-23.jpg image-24.jpg image-25.jpg image-26.jpg image-27.jpg image-28.jpg image-29.jpg image-30.jpg image-31.jpg image-32.jpg image-33.jpg image-34.jpg image-35.jpg image-36.jpg image-37.jpg image-38.jpg image-39.jpg image-40.jpg image-41.jpg image-42.jpg image-43.jpg image-44.jpg image-45.jpg image-46.jpg image-47.jpg image-48.jpg image-49.jpg image-50.jpg image-51.jpg image-52.jpg image-53.jpg image-54.jpg image-55.jpg image-56.jpg image-57.jpg image-58.jpg image-59.jpg image-60.jpg image-61.jpg image-62.jpg image-63.jpg image-64.jpg image-65.jpg image-66.jpg image-67.jpg image-68.jpg image-69.jpg image-70.jpg image-71.jpg image-72.jpg image-73.jpg image-74.jpg image-75.jpg image-76.jpg image-77.jpg image-78.jpg image-79.jpg image-80.jpg image-81.jpg image-82.jpg image-83.jpg image-84.jpg image-85.jpg image-86.jpg image-87.jpg image-88.jpg  -r 25 -c:v libx264 -crf 20  -pix_fmt yuv420p movie.mov

This had the same effect as previous - only the first frame is used.

Additional: This question has been suggested as a possible duplicate, but it relates to acquiring images using a webcam connected to a PC. This is not the issue I am having. I already have the photos; they were taken with an ordinary digital camera.

Answer 1

You can use ffmpeg, which you can install with the command:

sudo apt install ffmpeg

This is the command all together:

ffmpeg -framerate 25 -i image-%05d.jpg -c:v libx264 -profile:v high -crf 20 -pix_fmt yuv420p output.mp4

Let me break it down:

-framerate

is the number of frames (images) per second,

-i image-%05d.jpg

this determines the file name sequence it looks for. image- means all of the files start with this. The d indicates decimal integers, 5 is number of digits, the leading zero indicates that numbers requiring fewer digits will be filled, in the left, with zeroes so that every number contains exactly 5 digits. Thus the files it will detect are everything from image-00000 to image-99999.

-c:v libx264 -profile:v high -crf 20 -pix_fmt yuv420p

-c:v libx264 - the video codec is libx264 (H.264).

-profile:v high - use H.264 High Profile (advanced features, better quality).

-crf 20 - constant quality mode, very high quality (lower numbers are higher quality, 18 is the smallest you would want to use).

-pix_fmt yuv420p - use YUV pixel format and 4:2:0 Chroma subsampling

output.mp4

The file name (output.mp4)

Remember that ffmpeg needs a continuous sequence of images to load in. If it jumps from image-00001 to image-00003 it will stop.

If your images are named like this:

image-1
image-2
...
image-35

then change the -i part to -i image-%00d.

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Update. Your edit says the pattern is image-01.jpg to image-02.jpg. That means you need the image-%02d.jpg pattern.

Answer 2

If you don't want to waste your time with the file naming and order I would recommend to take a look into:

-pattern_type glob

Credits for this goes this very comprehensive answer to How to create a video from images with FFmpeg?

It will also provide several examples.