According to: http://wiki.secondlife.com/wiki/Linux_Viewer#Installing_and_Running
The Second Life Linux client entirely runs out of the directory you have unpacked it into - no installation step is required.
How is that possible? Isn't that a security risk?
I tried it, and it indeed ran without installing anything, I didn't have to type in my password to install it or anything. It just launched. Double clicking the application even created an entry in Unity. I tried this on Ubuntu 12.04.