Using Ubuntu 15.10 (works also on Ubuntu 16.04), you can install vhdimount and tsk (The Sleuth Kit) via:
sudo apt-get install libvhdi-utils sleuthkit
Then you can proceed as follows:
sudo mkdir -v /mnt/vhd
sudo vhdimount -X allow_root /path/to/file.vhd /mnt/vhd/
sudo mmls -aB /mnt/vhd/vhdi1
Next, you'll have to calculate the offset from the output of mmls
like this:
echo offset*512 | bc
And to finish:
sudo mkdir -v /media/${USER}/your/folder
sudo mount -vt ntfs-3g -o ro,noload,offset=offset-found /mnt/vhd/vhdi1 /media/${USER}/your/folder
Replace offset-found
by your offset. You may also have to change the fs-type according to the fs-type included in your vhd file.
I've made a script so I don't have to type this every time ;)