What library I need to install if I want to compile emacs

Question

I am trying to compile emacs on Ubuntu 12.04. This is because I want to use emacs 24.2. But I am getting this error. How can I fix it?

checking for long file names... yes
checking for X... no
checking for X... true
configure: error: You seem to be running X, but no X development libraries
were found.  You should install the relevant development files for X
and for the toolkit you want, such as Gtk+, Lesstif or Motif.  Also make
sure you have development files for image handling, i.e.
tiff, gif, jpeg, png and xpm.
If you are sure you want Emacs compiled without X window support, pass
  --without-x
to configure.

Answer 1

I used to do it this way:

sudo apt-get install build-essential texinfo libx11-dev libxpm-dev libjpeg-dev libpng-dev libgif-dev libtiff-dev libgtk2.0-dev libncurses-dev
# for gtk3 build replace libgtk2.0-dev with libgtk-3-dev

git clone --depth=1 git://git.savannah.gnu.org/emacs.git
./autogen.sh # not needed when installing from tarball
./configure
make bootstrap
sudo make install

To build docs:

make docs
# or build just the format you want:
make info
make dvi
make html
make pdf

But now I just use the package

sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:ubuntu-elisp
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install emacs-snapshot

Answer 2

If you run

sudo apt-get build-dep emacs23

that installs everything that is needed to compile the emacs23 package. Quite likely that's enough to compile Emacs 24.2, too.