Replace a text within single quotes with another string using sed(just a first occurrence of regex)

Question

I have a file with the following content:

$ cat file.txt
CREATE COLLATION public.collation123 (provider = libc, locale = 'fr-FR');  
CREATE COLLATION public.collation_1 (provider = libc, locale = 'bas');  
CREATE COLLATION public.collation_test (provider = libc, locale = 'fr-FR');   

I want to replace the first occurrence of locale = 'fr-FR' with locale = 'fr_FR.utf8'.

After replacing, the file should have the following content:

$cat file.txt
CREATE COLLATION public.collation123 (provider = libc, locale = 'fr_FR.utf8');  
CREATE COLLATION public.collation_1 (provider = libc, locale = 'bas');  
CREATE COLLATION public.collation_test (provider = libc, locale = 'fr-FR'); 

Answer 1

With GNU sed, you can use the special two-address form 0,/regexp/ to restrict a substitution command to a range up to and including the first instance:

$ cat file.txt
CREATE COLLATION public.collation123 (provider = libc, locale = 'fr-FR');
CREATE COLLATION public.collation_1 (provider = libc, locale = 'bas');
CREATE COLLATION public.collation_test (provider = libc, locale = 'fr-FR');

$ sed "0,/'fr-FR'/s//'fr_FR.utf8'/" file.txt
CREATE COLLATION public.collation123 (provider = libc, locale = 'fr_FR.utf8');
CREATE COLLATION public.collation_1 (provider = libc, locale = 'bas');
CREATE COLLATION public.collation_test (provider = libc, locale = 'fr-FR');

The empty pattern on the LHS of the s/pattern/replacement causes it to re-use the previous pattern from the address.

Of course, if you know that you only want to make the substitution in the first line, you can use the simpler "1s/'fr-FR'/'fr_FR.utf8'/"