Does it run through wine?
yes
why is this a .deb file ?
To easily install in debian based systems
Is it possible to make .deb files but running with wine
YES , deb is the extension of the Debian software package format and the most often used name for such binary packages.?
To learn about debian packaging use this link
TeamViewer for Linux is based upon the Windows version using wine. Additionally, /opt/teamviewer/teamviewer/$tv_ver/bin/teamviewer
contains links to a wrapper of a Windows executable:
export TV_BINDIR=/opt/teamviewer/teamviewer/$tv_ver/bin
exec "$TV_BINDIR"/wrapper "c:\Program Files\TeamViewer\Version$tv_ver\TeamViewer.exe" "$@"