I'm trying to install Ubuntu on my computer. I have several logical partitions, but the Ubuntu installer shows me only 4 primary partitions. When I run the Ubuntu live CD I have access to all of the logical partitions.
How do I fix it?
Some third-party Windows partitioning tools can convert a disk from the proprietary "dynamic disk" (aka Logical Disk Manager, or LDM) configuration to a conventional system with primary, extended, and logical partitions. IIRC, both EaseUS Partition Master and Partition Wizard provide this functionality. Also IIRC, there are free or demo versions of both tools. I'm not very familiar with either of them, though, so I can't help beyond providing the preceding links.
Once the disk is converted to a conventional partitioning setup, the Ubuntu installer should be able to resize the partitions and create partitions for Linux.
Be aware that partitioning operations are inherently dangerous. Thus, I strongly recommend that you make a complete system backup, or at least back up your critical personal data, before using these tools or resizing your Windows partition(s).
GParted
application when running Ubuntu Live, and a screenshot of the partitions page during installation?