I've got the DOSBox SVN-Duam from its homepage. Maybe I have solved the dependency problems,
$ ldd ./dosbox linux-gate.so.1 => (0xb776d000)
libSDL_sound-1.0.so.1 => /usr/lib/libSDL_sound-1.0.so.1 (0xb7707000)
libasound.so.2 => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libasound.so.2 (0xb7615000)
libdl.so.2 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 (0xb760f000)
libpthread.so.0 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0 (0xb75f4000)
libSDL-1.2.so.0 => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libSDL-1.2.so.0 (0xb7559000)
libpng12.so.0 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libpng12.so.0 (0xb752f000)
libz.so.1 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libz.so.1 (0xb7519000)
libfreetype.so.6 => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libfreetype.so.6 (0xb747e000)
libpcap.so.1 => /usr/local/lib/libpcap.so.1 (0xb7442000)
libSDL_net-1.2.so.0 => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libSDL_net-1.2.so.0 (0xb743d000)
libX11.so.6 => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libX11.so.6 (0xb7309000)
libGL.so.1 => /usr/lib/nvidia-current-updates/libGL.so.1 (0xb722d000)
libfluidsynth.so.1 => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libfluidsynth.so.1 (0xb7167000)
libphysfs.so.1 => /usr/lib/libphysfs.so.1 (0xb713c000)
libstdc++.so.6 => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6 (0xb7057000)
libm.so.6 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 (0xb702b000)
libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1 (0xb700d000)
libc.so.6 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0xb6e62000)
libvorbisfile.so.3 => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libvorbisfile.so.3 (0xb6e58000)
librt.so.1 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/librt.so.1 (0xb6e4f000)
/lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0xb776e000)
libpulse-simple.so.0 => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libpulse-simple.so.0 (0xb6e4a000)
libpulse.so.0 => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libpulse.so.0 (0xb6dfc000)
libXext.so.6 => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libXext.so.6 (0xb6de9000)
libcaca.so.0 => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libcaca.so.0 (0xb6d1e000)
libxcb.so.1 => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libxcb.so.1 (0xb6cfd000)
libnvidia-tls.so.304.64 => /usr/lib/nvidia-current-updates/tls/libnvidia-tls.so.304.64 (0xb6cf9000)
libnvidia-glcore.so.304.64 => /usr/lib/nvidia-current-updates/libnvidia-glcore.so.304.64 (0xb4ff3000)
libglib-2.0.so.0 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libglib-2.0.so.0 (0xb4ef9000)
libjack.so.0 => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libjack.so.0 (0xb4edb000)
libsndfile.so.1 => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libsndfile.so.1 (0xb4e69000)
libdbus-1.so.3 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libdbus-1.so.3 (0xb4e20000)
libreadline.so.6 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libreadline.so.6 (0xb4de6000)
libvorbis.so.0 => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libvorbis.so.0 (0xb4dba000)
libogg.so.0 => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libogg.so.0 (0xb4db2000)
libpulsecommon-1.1.so => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libpulsecommon-1.1.so (0xb4d4d000)
libjson.so.0 => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libjson.so.0 (0xb4d45000)
libslang.so.2 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libslang.so.2 (0xb4c25000)
libncursesw.so.5 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libncursesw.so.5 (0xb4bf4000)
libtinfo.so.5 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libtinfo.so.5 (0xb4bd5000)
libXau.so.6 => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libXau.so.6 (0xb4bd1000)
libXdmcp.so.6 => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libXdmcp.so.6 (0xb4bca000)
libpcre.so.3 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libpcre.so.3 (0xb4b8e000)
libFLAC.so.8 => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libFLAC.so.8 (0xb4b3f000)
libvorbisenc.so.2 => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libvorbisenc.so.2 (0xb49c7000)
libwrap.so.0 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libwrap.so.0 (0xb49bd000)
libasyncns.so.0 => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libasyncns.so.0 (0xb49b6000)
libnsl.so.1 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libnsl.so.1 (0xb499c000)
libresolv.so.2 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libresolv.so.2 (0xb4983000)
But when I run it,
$ ./dosbox
DOSBox version SVN-Daum
Copyright 2002-2011 DOSBox Team, published under GNU GPL.
GUI: Press Ctrl-F10 to capture/release mouse, Alt-F10 for configuration. CONFIG:Loading primary settings from config file dosbox.conf ./dosbox: symbol lookup error: ./dosbox: undefined symbol: SDL_GetDesktopMode
What's wrong with it? I haven't tried to run it on other Linux distributions. But it's perfect on Windows.