In Ubuntu GNOME (and I assume for other distros running vanilla GNOME3), I found that scaling the desktop and windows with
gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.xsettings overrides "[{'Gdk/WindowScalingFactor', <2>}]"
in conjunction with the already mentioned
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface scaling-factor 2
.
leas to more consistent results than just the latter.
This is also the setting that is affected when you change the "Windows / HiDPI / Window Scaling" value in gnome-tweak-tool
. For future reference, I found the command on the Hi-DPI page in the GNOME Wiki.