How can I encode and decode percent-encoded (URL encoded) strings on the command line?
I'm looking for a solution that can do this:
$ percent-encode "ændrük"
%C3%A6ndr%C3%BCk
$ percent-decode "%C3%A6ndr%C3%BCk"
ændrük
How can I encode and decode percent-encoded (URL encoded) strings on the command line?
I'm looking for a solution that can do this:
$ percent-encode "ændrük"
%C3%A6ndr%C3%BCk
$ percent-decode "%C3%A6ndr%C3%BCk"
ændrük
These commands do what you want (using Python 2):
python -c "import urllib, sys; print urllib.quote(sys.argv[1])" æ
python -c "import urllib, sys; print urllib.unquote(sys.argv[1])" %C3%A6
If you want to encode spaces as +
, replace urllib.quote
with urllib.quote_plus
.
I'm guessing you will want to alias them ;-)
Try the following command line:
$ echo "%C3%A6ndr%C3%BCk" | sed 's@+@ @g;s@%@\\x@g' | xargs -0 printf "%b"
ændrük
You may define it as alias and add it to your shell rc files:
$ alias urldecode='sed "s@+@ @g;s@%@\\\\x@g" | xargs -0 printf "%b"'
Then every time when you need it, simply go with:
$ echo "http%3A%2F%2Fwww" | urldecode
http://www
When scripting, you can use the following syntax:
input="http%3A%2F%2Fwww"
decoded=$(printf '%b' "${input//%/\\x}")
However above syntax won't handle pluses (+
) correctly, so you've to replace them with spaces via sed
.
You can also use the following urlencode()
and urldecode()
functions:
urlencode() {
# urlencode <string>
local length="${#1}"
for (( i = 0; i < length; i++ )); do
local c="${1:i:1}"
case $c in
[a-zA-Z0-9.~_-]) printf "$c" ;;
*) printf '%%%02X' "'$c"
esac
done
}
urldecode() {
# urldecode <string>
local url_encoded="${1//+/ }"
printf '%b' "${url_encoded//%/\\x}"
}
Note that your urldecode() assumes the data contains no backslash.
Bash function with xxd
tool:
urlencode() {
local length="${#1}"
for (( i = 0; i < length; i++ )); do
local c="${1:i:1}"
case $c in
[a-zA-Z0-9.~_-]) printf "$c" ;;
*) printf "$c" | xxd -p -c1 | while read x;do printf "%%%s" "$x";done
esac
done
}
Found in cdown's gist file, also at stackoverflow.
Try to define the following aliases:
alias urldecode='python -c "import sys, urllib as ul; print ul.unquote_plus(sys.argv[1])"'
alias urlencode='python -c "import sys, urllib as ul; print ul.quote_plus(sys.argv[1])"'
Usage:
$ urlencode "ændrük"
C%26ndrC%3Ck
$ urldecode "%C3%A6ndr%C3%BCk"
ændrük
Source: ruslanspivak
Using PHP you can try the following command:
$ echo oil+and+gas | php -r 'echo urldecode(fgets(STDIN));' // Or: php://stdin
oil and gas
or just:
php -r 'echo urldecode("oil+and+gas");'
Use -R
for multiple line input.
In Perl you can use URI::Escape
.
decoded_url=$(perl -MURI::Escape -e 'print uri_unescape($ARGV[0])' "$encoded_url")
Or to process a file:
perl -i -MURI::Escape -e 'print uri_unescape($ARGV[0])' file
Using sed
can be achieved by:
cat file | sed -e's/%\([0-9A-F][0-9A-F]\)/\\\\\x\1/g' | xargs echo -e
Try anon solution:
awk -niord '{printf RT?$0chr("0x"substr(RT,2)):$0}' RS=%..
See: Using awk printf to urldecode text.
If you need to remove url encoding from the file names, use deurlname
tool from renameutils
(e.g. deurlname *.*
).
See also:
Related:
%
, maybe you could replace printf "$c"
with printf "%c" "$c"
? A other problem is that some non-ASCII charachters are not encoded (such as ä
) in some language settings, maybe add a export LC_ALL=C
in the function (that should not affect anything outside the function)?
Oct 7, 2019 at 11:01
jq -s -R -r @uri
-s
(--slurp
) reads input lines into an array and -s -R
(--slurp --raw-input
) reads the input into a single string. -r
(--raw-output
) outputs the contents of strings instead of JSON string literals.
xxd -p|tr -d \\n|sed 's/../%&/g'
tr -d \\n
removes the linefeeds that are added by xxd -p
after every 60 characters.
eu () {
local LC_ALL=C c
while IFS= read -r -n1 -d '' c
do
if [[ $c = [[:alnum:]] ]]
then
printf %s "$c"
else
printf %%%02x "'$c"
fi
done
}
Without -d ''
this would skip linefeeds and null bytes. Without IFS=
this would replace characters in IFS
with %00
. Without LC_ALL=C
this would for example replace あ
with %3042
in a UTF-8 locale.
Pure bash solution for decoding only:
$ a='%C3%A6ndr%C3%BCk'
$ echo -e "${a//%/\\x}"
ændrük
Similar to Stefano ansqer but in Python 3:
python3 -c "import urllib.parse, sys; print(urllib.parse.quote(sys.argv[1]))" æ # to percent-enconding
python3 -c "import urllib.parse, sys; print(urllib.parse.unquote(sys.argv[1]))" %C3%A6 # from percent-enconding
To encode also slashes:
python3 -c "import urllib.parse, sys; print(urllib.parse.quote(sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else sys.stdin.read()[0:-1], \"\"))"
More info about the difference here.
I can't comment on best answer in this thread, so here is mine.
Personally, I use these aliases for URL encoding and decoding:
alias urlencode='python -c "import urllib, sys; print urllib.quote( sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else sys.stdin.read()[0:-1])"'
alias urldecode='python -c "import urllib, sys; print urllib.unquote(sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else sys.stdin.read()[0:-1])"'
Both commands allow you to convert data, passed as a command line argument or read it from standard input, because both one-liners check whether there are command line arguments (even empty ones) and process them or just read standard input otherwise.
... according to @muru comment.
If you also need to encode the slash, just add an empty second argument to the quote function, then the slash will also be encoded.
So, finally urlencode
alias in bash looks like this:
alias urlencode='python -c "import urllib, sys; print urllib.quote(sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else sys.stdin.read()[0:-1], \"\")"'
$ urlencode "Проба пера/Pen test"
%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%20%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%2FPen%20test
$ echo "Проба пера/Pen test" | urlencode
%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%20%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%2FPen%20test
$ urldecode %D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%20%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%2FPen%20test
Проба пера/Pen test
$ echo "%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%20%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%2FPen%20test" | urldecode
Проба пера/Pen test
$ urlencode "Проба пера/Pen test" | urldecode
Проба пера/Pen test
$ echo "Проба пера/Pen test" | urlencode | urldecode
Проба пера/Pen test
sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else sys.stdin.read()[0:-1]
might be more appropriate. Especially if you use this in scripts and accidentally give an empty first argument.
len(sys.argv) < 2 and sys.stdin.read()[0:-1] or sys.argv[1]
Now: sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else sys.stdin.read()[0:-1]
That is, if there is even an empty first argument, the command does not wait for input from the standard input, but processes an empty argument.
I found a package, renameutils
, that contain the utility deurlname
that is able to rename a file containing "percent-encoded" characters.
Unfortunately, it does not decode stdin or a command line option, but only rename a file, so you have to create a dummy file to obtain the decoding (the name of the renamed file), but with some bash scripting the process can be automated.
No information about the encoding part, even because it could be questionable which characters to encode. Only non-ASCII?
I think there should be some better tool/method.
Here is a POSIX Awk function for encoding:
function encodeURIComponent(str, j, q) {
while (y++ < 125) z[sprintf("%c", y)] = y
while (y = substr(str, ++j, 1))
q = y ~ /[[:alnum:]_.!~*\47()-]/ ? q y : q sprintf("%%%02X", z[y])
return q
}
%E6ndr%FCk
doesn't look like (standard) UTF8 to me. Or it's just an example?