I was wondering how to restrict the search range of "locate" to some directory?
For example, how to find files/directories with string "math" in their names under some directory "/home/tim/science/"?
Thanks and regards!
UPDATE: A note about using locate's regex option vs the shell's filename expansion in relation to locate's args ...
SHELL FILENAME EXPANSION
When you type locate /bin/b*
(note there are no quotes), several things happen.
locate
as many individual commandline args. locate
then tests each of these args against each of the files in its database, and outputs matches. Take note however, that 'locate' has no concept of the current working directory. It only matches your args against the fully-qualified file-names in its database.
This means that it will match both /bin/bash
and /home/user/bin/brackets
You have some degree of control this way, but locate's regex search offers more; as do some other of locate's options.
LOCATE'S REGEX OPTION
When you type locate -r "/bin/b.*"
different things happen than do with simple args.. (shell-expanded-args are just a list of simple args)
-r
option tells locate to treat your arg as a regex pattern. locate -r "^/bin/b.*"
produces file names beginning with /bin/b ... eg2. locate -r ~/"bin/b.*"
produces file names beginning with /home/user/bin/b .. Note that the ~/ is not protected by "quotation-marks" and is therefore subject to shell tilde-expansion which converts ~/ into /home/user/ Summary: "shell filname expansion" is quite different to 'regex'
Now back to the original post:
locate
typically lists the entire database to stdout, so to limit it to a particular directory you need to filter it... You can do this via locate's options.
You can use locate's regex capability, rather than just shell-globbing ...(locate /dir/myfile*
is shell-globbing)...
From info locate: -r
,--regex
note: -i = ignore case
. . . . . -r = regex
. . . . . ~/ will be expanded by the shell to /home/user (when ~/ is not in quotes)
. . . . . '\ ' (baskslash+space; no quotes) is a literal space (to avoid shell expansion). You can put the string in quotes, but be sure to leave the ~/ outside the quotes: ~/my\ regex
or -/"my regex"
eg. locate -ir ~/".*"la\ bella\ vita
is the same as locate -ir ~/".*la bella vita"
and will search your entire home directory for "La Bella Vita" occurring anywhere.
You can also limit the search to just the file name but using the -b
or --basename
.. in which case the regex start-of-line ^
applies to only the basename...
I most commonly find myself using locate -bir
PS.. Locate
is so fast, that I have never used find
... nor have I used nautilus search (too slow)
With 'locate', if you are looking for something which is newly added, just run sudo updatedb
to refresh locate's database... (but if you've newly added it, you probably know where it is :)....
Pipe it through grep, like this
$ locate less | grep ^/bin
/bin/bzless
/bin/less
/bin/lessecho
/bin/lessfile
/bin/lesskey
/bin/lesspipe
/bin/zless
Edit: The other answer is better, I didn't know you can pass a pattern to locate.
locate
does an O(log(n))
search over locatedb
when you give it a non-regex search query, then you can use grep
's regex to perform an O(m)
search over the already reduced sub-results. (n = total number of entries in locatedb
[i.e. all of your drive's files], m = # of entries that match less in your locatedb
), total running complexity: O(log(n)) + O(m)
, where m is on average log(n)
, so you get 2*O(log(n))
, as opposed to O(n)
when you perform a regex query over all entries in locatedb
.
Feb 14, 2018 at 0:52
O(log(n))
while regex search is O(n)
? Amount of entries in db is the same in each case. I guess it is search algorithm?
Feb 14, 2018 at 16:28
You can use locate /rootpath/*filenamespec
.I hadn't tried it before, but it appears to work. To do your example, it would be locate /home/tim/science/*math*
You may want to look at the find
command rather than locate
for that sort of behaviour. The syntax would be find rootforsearch -name filenamepattern -print
. In this case, your example would require find /home/tim/science -name *math* -print
.Not as fast as locate as there's no database to search ... it actually searches the filesystem. There are lots of options you can use other than print as well, if you intend to actually do something with the file.
locate
itself (not requiring any other utility such as grep
) and does without regexps (which are nice, but unnecessary in this case).
For me the most convenient is
cd /home/tim/science
locate math | grep `pwd`
I like to use locate --all
as in perhaps locate -A tim science math
. I think that is in the spirit of simplicity of locate.