Removing files with a certain extension except one file from terminal

Question

I need to remove all files with .gif extension except one file with name say "filename.gif". What is the optimal way to go about doing this in terminal?

The command rm *.gif removes all gif files including the file filename.gif.

Answer 1

Here's the simple solution you should probably use:

mv filename.gif filename.gif.keep
rm *.gif
mv filename.gif.keep filename.gif

There's nothing special about the .keep extension, this just makes it so that the filename temporarily doesn't end in .gif.

If you must not rename the file (and there are scripting situations where this is important):

for X in *.gif; do
    if [ "$X" != "filename.gif" ]; then
        rm "$X"
    fi
done

Or you can write it shorter like this:

for X in *.gif; do [ "$X" != "filename.gif" ] && rm "$X"; done

You may prefer to use find instead; it's very powerful, you might consider it more readable, and it better handles weird filenames with characters like * in them.

find . -maxdepth 1 -not -name 'filename.gif' -name '*.gif' -delete

I've used the -not operator for readability, but if POSIX compliance is important--if you're not using GNU find, or if this is for a script you intend to redistribute to others or run on a variety of systems--you should use the ! operator instead:

find . -maxdepth 1 ! -name 'filename.gif' -name '*.gif' -delete

One handy thing about find is that you can easily modify the command for case-insensitivity, so that it finds and deletes files with extensions like .GIF too:

find . -maxdepth 1 -not -name 'filename.gif' -iname '*.gif' -delete

Please note that I've used -iname in place of -name for the search pattern *.gif but I have not used it for filename.gif. Presumably you know exactly what your file is called, and -iname will match alternate capitalization not just in the extension, but anywhere in the filename.

All these solutions only delete files residing immediately in the current directory. They don't delete files not contained in the current directory, and they don't delete files that reside in subdirectories of the current directory.

If you want to delete files everywhere contained within the current directory (that is, including in subdirectories, and in subdirectories of those subdirectories, and so forth--files contained within the current directory or any of its descendants), use find without maxdepth -1:

find . -not -name 'filename.gif' -name '*.gif' -delete

Be careful with this!

You can also set other values with -maxdepth. For example, to delete files in the current directory and its children and grandchildren but not any deeper:

find . -maxdepth 3 -not -name 'filename.gif' -name '*.gif' -delete

Just make sure you never put -delete first, before the other expressions! You'll see I've always put -delete at the end. If you put it at the beginning, it would be evaluated first, and all the files under . (including files not ending in .gif and files in deep sub-sub-sub...directories of .) would be deleted!

For more information, see the manual pages for bash and sh and for the commands used in these examples: mv, rm, [, and (especially) find.

Answer 2

If you're using bash (the default shell), the extglob shell option allows you to use an extended pattern matching syntax. To enable it, use the shopt builtin command:

shopt -s extglob

(I include that line in my .bashrc file.)

Among other things, it grants access to the !() operator, which matches any pattern not inside the parens. For your purpose:

rm !(filename).gif

More information is available in man bash under "Pattern Matching".

Answer 3

Open a Terminal with Ctrl + Alt + T and type:

find . -type f -name "*.gif" -and -not -name "filename.gif" -exec rm -vf {} \;

The difference between -delete and -exec rm -vf {} \; is that with the second option, you will be able to see which files have been removed, because of the -v flag. That's something that can't be done with the -delete option. (-name -delete will print the filenames, but rm with -v reveals if each file was successfully deleted.)

Answer 4

There's the GLOBIGNORE variable. From man bash:

GLOBIGNORE
      A colon-separated list of patterns defining the set of filenames
      to be ignored by pathname expansion.  If a filename matched by a
      pathname expansion pattern also matches one of the  patterns  in
      GLOBIGNORE, it is removed from the list of matches.

So, a simple way is to just set GLOBGINORE to the filename in question:

$ touch {a,b,c,d}.png
$ echo *.png
a.png b.png c.png d.png
$ GLOBIGNORE=c.png
$ echo *.png
a.png b.png d.png

So, in your case:

GLOBIGNORE=filename.gif; rm *.gif

Of course, since GLOBIGNORE contains patterns, you can use it whenever you want to exclude a pattern:

$ GLOBIGNORE='[a-c].png'; echo *.png
d.png
$ touch bd.png; GLOBIGNORE='?.png'; echo *.png
bd.png

---

An advantage (?!) of GLOBIGNORE is that setting it automatically excludes . and .. from being matched, and it enables dotglob:

The  GLOBIGNORE shell variable may be used to restrict the set of file‐
names matching a pattern.  If GLOBIGNORE is set, each matching filename
that also matches one of the patterns in GLOBIGNORE is removed from the
list of matches.  The filenames ``.''  and ``..''  are  always  ignored
when  GLOBIGNORE is set and not null.  However, setting GLOBIGNORE to a
non-null value has the effect of enabling the dotglob shell option,  so
all other filenames beginning with a ``.''  will match.  To get the old
behavior of ignoring filenames beginning with a ``.'', make ``.*''  one
of  the  patterns  in  GLOBIGNORE.  The dotglob option is disabled when
GLOBIGNORE is unset.

So, a simple way of deleting all files and folders in a directory:

GLOBIGNORE=.; rm -r *

The * will match filenames beginning with ., since GLOBIGNORE enabled dotglob, but it won't match . or .., so you won't affect the parent directory that way.