My problem: sound has been working great for 2-3 months until 2 days ago, when I installed some recommended updates. After reboot I've got the following issues:
- cannot control master volume through GUI
- volume keyboard buttons doesnt work either
volume indicator icon shows 3 dashes:

when I go to sound settings it tells me there is no sound device
- system sounds don't work (also Thunderbird mail notifications)
- sound works in many other programs, for example: Banshee, Chrome, Firefox, Skype
If anyone could point me into the right direction, so I could find a solution, I would be very grateful.
pidof pulseaudiofrom a terminal (if it returns a number then it's running). – RobinJ Jan 20 '12 at 21:47pulseaudiofrom a terminal, and wait until it starts. While it's running, are you able to play sound? – RobinJ Jan 21 '12 at 12:33