I was working on Ubuntu 10.04, then the battery died. I plugged in the charger, and now Ubuntu won't start. It keeps showing an error screen similar to the following:

Except that the grub version is GNU GRUB version 1.98-1ubuntu12 and the background is black, because I'm using Ubuntu 10.04.
find /grub/stage2andfind /boot/grub/stage2. One of those should give output -- please update your answer with that output. – michaelms Jan 6 '12 at 19:07