fsck
is the disk checking utility for Ubuntu (and other Linux) systems.
The partition /dev/sda10
is being checked for errors.
You will normally just have to wait for this disk check to finish.
If this is happening every time you boot the system, it's probably related to whatever errors you're having before you shutdown. The OS is not happy that the system has shut down in a clean way, and is checking the partition for corruption before restarting.
Solving the errors which cause you to shutdown is the first step towards resolving this. It may be worth starting a new question with details of the errors which cause you to shutdown, including the steps you take to shut down (e.g. using GUI, pressing power button etc.)