Is there a reason why Ubuntu wont do this automatically?
I can see only 1 reason: it does not work flawlessly; there is no clean way to currently decide what the definition of "old kernels" is. "old" does not mean "unused" nor does it mean "unwanted". And any mistake in this will kill a users' machine.
So up to now the manual method is preferred since this puts the power of removing into the users' hands.
Resources for this conclusion:
Ubuntu WIKI: Proposal for removing old kernels
Last-good-boot is implemented fully in Intrepid/8.10 final, however it has been disabled because it was not considered stable enough. The setting is a single line in the file /etc/default/kernel-helper-rc.
Launchpad: Should aptitude provide a way to remove old kernel versions ?
apt-get
has an autoremove feature that uninstalls all packages that are not needed as dependencies and have not been installed manually. Since Ubuntu 14.04 all obsolete kernels and headers should automatically be flagged as no more needed, and thus can be purged with the apt-get autoremove command. (There are reports that this does not yet fully work). I am not aware of a feature in aptitude that is similar to apt-get's autoremove.
Ubuntu-devel: Distro-provided mechanism to clean up old kernels
While agreeing that it would be quite helpful and seems appropriate to have the
cleanup automatic, there is a slight potential pitfall (or two). There are
various flavours of kernels and people may or may not deliberately have those
installed in parallel. Also various releases had sometimes a changing set of
depending packages. For a while this should be only linux-backports-modules
(there had been linux-ubuntu-modules and linux-restricted-modules). Though this
is not so much of a problem.
From a pattern matching point of view the generic-pae kernels are a bit of a
pain as they tend to ruin the "use the last part of a split by "-" for the flavor".
But anyway, I think the main issue is the various flavours, so a cleanup that is
automatic should retain the last three of each, even though this may tend to
leave more kernels around.