noatime:
set this option
To answer your second question first: noatime/relatime does work in NTFS according to this conversation.
discard: not avilable
According to this site there is no TRIM option on NTFS.
Moreover TRIM is in your scenario in my opinion not needed.
Let me explain:
According to Wikipedia;
A Trim command (commonly typeset as TRIM) allows an operating system to inform a solid-state drive (SSD) which blocks of data are no longer considered in use and can be wiped internally.
The only reason that trim is needed is to stop the SSD from moving already deleted (4k) blocks around. Something that is not bound to happen on a short term (unless disk is almost full with deleted and non-deleted files). Actually, performing a trim once a month on a regularly used SSD is probably often enough.
The need to use trim is much less often than you think.
No TRIM:
If you have a lot of big files (and very few small files) you might choose for a block size of 512kB (as big as one or several eraseblocks) therefore eliminating the need for trim altogether. As far as my knowledge about NTFS goes, NTFS can't be formatted with blocks larger than 64k but this should be practically sufficient in most cases.
mkntfs:
Command in Ubuntu that can format NTFS with a blocksize that you can specify. As far as I know Windows can't do this but reads and writes happily from/to it.
Formatting:
Important with SSD's is that the partition always begins on an erase block boundary.
While normal read/write blocks are 4k, eraseblocks are often more like 128k 256k 512k. Rule of thumb is to leave a hole of 1MB counted from sector 0.
Possibly you knew this already, but it might make you choises easier. I wrote this especially with your usage scenario in mind.