How do I install and use the latest version of GNOME Shell?

Question

I followed the instructions for compiling GNOME Shell and it did compile with a few errors here and there but it didn't run. I installed GNOME Shell using sudo apt-get install gnome-shell but I got version 2.31.x, while the latest is 2.91.5 or something. So is there a way for me to install the latest build?

Is there some repository available for the latest build?

Answer 1

Installing from the Software Center (11.10 and newer)

Open the software center search for "gnome shell" and install it, or just click this link: gnome-shell

After it installs, log out.

for 11.10

at the login screen click the little gear icon and select "GNOME" from the menu.

for 12.04

at the login screen click the icon show and select "GNOME" from the menu.

both

After that just put in your password and login:

The login manager will remember the last session you went into so you only need to select GNOME once, after that you can just login normally.

You can also use the fallback mode if you prefer an old-school experience:

• How to revert to GNOME Classic?

And if you use auto logins you might need to tell lightdm to always use shell:

• How can I use gnome shell by default instead of unity?

Command Line Instructions:

 sudo apt-get install gnome-shell

Installing from PPA (11.04 only):

Using GNOME3 currently is only available for 11.04. This is a major release of GNOME so it likely will not be backported to older versions of Ubuntu.

Note: GNOME3 is provided as a tech preview for 11.04, it is not officially supported by the Ubuntu team. Here's another warning before you try this.

Using GNOME3 on 11.04 will upgrade major parts of the desktop infrastructure, if you are not familiar with how to do package management then we recommend you try this on a virtualized installation or a non-production system, reverting back to vanilla 11.04 is not trivial.

Specifically GNOME3 will migrate your application settings to gsettings, so if you want to try to rollback you'll get your old settings from before you upgraded.

As with all major desktop upgrades we recommend backing up your important data before getting started.

Graphical Instructions:

Launch the Ubuntu Software Center:

In the menu, select Edit, and choose software sources:

In the Software Sources window, click Add:

In the add window add the following text: ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3 and click Add Source:

Click close

The Software Center will now automatically update and add the GNOME 3 PPA. Navigate to the GNOME3 section:

Run the Update Manager and update your packages (note, the PPA will upgrade some packages)

In addition you need to select and install the following packages (click on the bag icon):

• gnome-shell
• gnome-tweak-tool - we recommend this tool if you want to tweak some of the power user settings in GNOME 3.

Then Log out and back in, selecting the GNOME Session in GDM (Todo screenshot)

Command line Instructions

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
sudo apt-get install gnome-session
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install gnome-shell

Then log out and back in using the GNOME3 Session.

Where to report problems:

• Discussion about GNOME3 packaging (Mailing list link on the bottom left): https://launchpad.net/~gnome3-team
  • Most problems and issues with this set of packages can go on this list, it should be the first place you report problems and issues.
• Bug reports that are NOT packaging related: https://bugzilla.gnome.org/
  • If GNOME3 isn't working well it could be packaging related, so please don't just randomly report bugs to GNOME unless you are confident that it's an upstream GNOME problem.
  • If you're not sure if you should report the bug upstream then ask someone either on IRC or on the mailing list above if you need help determining if something should be reported to GNOME.

Removing GNOME3 and going back to stock 11.04

Following these steps will remove the GNOME3 PPA and revert your packages:

sudo apt-get install ppa-purge
sudo ppa-purge ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3

While downgrading, if aptitude gives the following output:

Leave the following dependencies unresolved:
     gnome-control-center-data recommends gnome-control-center (<< 2.91) [...]

Then type this when it asks you to enter yes/no: - gnome-control-center-data (Note the - in the beginning, its important). Then press enter, and then it shouldn't show any packages under Leave the following dependencies unresolved. Type y, and you should soon be downgraded normally to the Ubuntu 11.04 packages.

References:

• What are PPAs and how do I use them?
• Packages are available at: https://launchpad.net/~gnome3-team/+archive/gnome3

Answer 2

Building GNOME Shell from source

(Last content update: 11. Feb. 2011, based on the official guide, feel free to edit.)

0. Warnings/errors during compilation

GNOME Shell is under heavy development and sources are often updated a couple of times a day. While below instructions generally should work, it can happen that successful compilation needs some hacks or is not possible at all.

If you encounter any problems, check:

• the GNOME Shell thread on ubuntuforums.org
• the IRC channel #gnome-shell on irc.gnome.org (keep an eye on the channel's topic!)
• the GNOME Shell mailing list
• there's also a list of common problems

Current problems:

• It's necessary to remove a couple of files in the library directories, else compilation will fail. When doing system updates, those files could return: read this for an explanation why it's necessary to remove those files and how to prevent upgrades to re-install them.

  sudo rm -rf /usr/lib*/*.la
  

  (No worries, this won't harm your system!)

• Before being able to run GNOME Shell, you need to remove a file after the build process:

  rm ~/gnome-shell/install/lib*/gtk-3.0/modules/libcanberra-gtk-module.so
  

  
  

1. Building GNOME Shell

(Tested on Ubuntu 10.10 32-bit and the development version of Ubuntu 11.04 64-bit.)

The following will download, compile, and install GNOME Shell in a sandbox-like way - meaning, it won't touch the rest of your system!

• Install dependencies:

  sudo apt-get install curl dpkg-dev autopoint libedataserverui1.2-dev \
  libecal1.2-dev evolution-data-server-dev libcups2-dev libupower-glib-dev \
  libgnome-keyring-dev libxklavier-dev libvorbis-dev libltdl-dev \
  libgstreamer0.10-dev libcroco3-dev xserver-xephyr xulrunner-dev \
  python-dev libpam0g-dev mesa-utils mesa-common-dev libxml2-dev \
  libreadline5-dev libpulse-dev liborbit2-dev libgl1-mesa-dev libwnck-dev \
  libtiff4-dev libstartup-notification0-dev libpng12-dev libjpeg62-dev \
  libjasper-dev libgtop2-dev libgnome-desktop-dev libgnome-menu-dev \
  libffi-dev libexpat1-dev libdbus-glib-1-dev icon-naming-utils \
  gtk-doc-tools gnome-common git-core gettext flex bison automake cvs
  

• Get GNOME Shell's setup script:

  curl -O http://git.gnome.org/browse/gnome-shell/plain/tools/build/gnome-shell-build-setup.sh
  

• Build the build tool jhbuild and download configuration files:

  /bin/bash gnome-shell-build-setup.sh
  

• This will install jhbuild to ~/bin, which you need to add to your PATH-variable:

  . ~/.profile
  

• [Optional]: You can change several jhbuild options like the path for downloading sources, etc. via editing the file ~/.jhbuildrc-custom.

• Start the build process:

  jhbuild build
  

This will (currently) compile 33 modules. Get a cup of coffee, take a nap -> it will take some time.

Once you see *** success *** [33/33] you are done. Congratulations, you've just compiled GNOME Shell!

2. Running GNOME Shell

• If you're running Compiz, you first need to stop it (by starting Metacity) or else GNOME Shell won't start:

  metacity --replace &
  

• Finally, run:

  cd ~/gnome-shell/source/gnome-shell/src
  ./gnome-shell --replace
  

That's it, you hopefully should now be running GNOME Shell.

3. Making GNOME Shell the default window manager

In Ubuntu 10.10, you can simply replace the GNOME session's window manager via changing a GConf key:

• Create a local .desktop launcher for GNOME Shell:

  ln -s ~/gnome-shell/install/share/applications/gnome-shell.desktop ~/.local/share/applications/gnome-shell.desktop
  

• Then change the session's window manager to be GNOME Shell:

  gconftool-2 -s /desktop/gnome/session/required_components/windowmanager "gnome-shell" -t string
  

• To revert the change, run:

  gconftool-2 -s /desktop/gnome/session/required_components/windowmanager "gnome-wm" -t string
  

In Ubuntu 11.04, changing the windowmanager key doesn't seem to work. Instead you can add a new session item that you can select at the GDM login screen. Therefor you need to create the local .desktop file like above and then create two files:

1. A session file: /usr/share/gnome-sessions/sessions/gnome-shell.session:

   [GNOME Session]
   Name=gnome-shell
   Required=windowmanager;
   Required-windowmanager=gnome-shell
   DefaultApps=gnome-settings-daemon;
   

2. The session item pointing to the session file: /usr/share/xsessions/gnome-shell.desktop:

   [Desktop Entry]
   Name=GNOME Shell
   Comment=This session logs you into Ubuntu
   Exec=gnome-session --session=gnome-shell
   TryExec=gnome-session
   Icon=
   Type=Application
   X-Ubuntu-Gettext-Domain=gnome-session-2.0
   

Log out, and you should be able to choose GNOME Shell as session.

4. Updating GNOME Shell

• Running

  jhbuild build
  

  should update the sources and rebuild what's necessary.

• If it fails for a module, e.g. you get something like this:

  fatal: git-write-tree: error building trees
  Cannot save the current index state
  *** Error during phase checkout of gdk-pixbuf: ########## Error running git stash save jhbuild-stash *** [7/33]
  

  then you can try to wipe the current module directory and start with clean sources by choosing option 6:

  [6] Go to phase "wipe directory and start over"
  

• If that doesn't help, you can start from scratch by running:

  jhbuild build -afc
  

Still not compiling? Then check the places mentioned in 0.

Answer 3

For 12.04 and GNOME 3.4

If you have 12.04, a lot of the 3.4 packages will be installed by default minus a few that will be kept at 3.2 for stability reasons. You can add two gnome testing ppas that contain the additional packages that dont make it into 12.04 however there is a chance these will break your system.

It is highly unlikely that it will be considered "stable" for at least a month, probably more.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ricotz/testing 

Then update your system.

Warning: If you try this on 11.10, it will break a lot of stuff. Really, it will.

If you are on 11.10, you can still use these ppas but you should expect lots of breakages. At your own risk, add those ppas, then:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
sudo apt-get install gnome-shell

Answer 4

As far as I know, there isn't a daily build PPA of Gnome Shell. That said, building it from source isn't hard at all.

You should follow the guide here.

Add the Vala PPA:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:vala-team/ppa && sudo apt-get update

Get some prerequisite packages:

sudo apt-get install build-essential curl autopoint automake bison flex gettext git-core gnome-common gtk-doc-tools gvfs gvfs-backends icon-naming-utils libdbus-glib-1-dev libexpat-dev libffi-dev libgnome-menu-dev libgnome-desktop-dev libgtop2-dev libjasper-dev libjpeg-dev libpng-dev libstartup-notification0-dev libtiff-dev libwnck-dev libgl1-mesa-dev liborbit2-dev libpulse-dev libreadline5-dev libxml2-dev mesa-common-dev mesa-utils libpam-dev python-dev python-gconf python-gobject xulrunner-dev xserver-xephyr gnome-terminal libcroco3-dev libgstreamer0.10-dev gstreamer0.10-plugins-base gstreamer0.10-plugins-good libltdl-dev libvorbis-dev libxklavier-dev libgnome-keyring-dev libupower-glib-dev libcups2-dev evolution-data-server-dev libecal1.2-dev libedataserverui1.2-dev

Get the install script:

curl -O http://git.gnome.org/browse/gnome-shell/plain/tools/build/gnome-shell-build-setup.sh
/bin/bash gnome-shell-build-setup.sh

Delete your .la files. If your kernel is 32bit:

sudo rm -rf /usr/lib*/*.la

OR if it's 64bit:

rm ~/gnome-shell/install/lib64/*.la

Add ~/.bin to your path:

export PATH=$PATH:~/bin

Start the build:

jhbuild build

Wait...

Run it:

cd ~/gnome-shell/source/gnome-shell/src
./gnome-shell --replace

If you like it a lot and want it to start at login do this:

ln -s ~/gnome-shell/install/share/applications/gnome-shell.desktop ~/.local/share/applications/gnome-shell.desktop
gconftool-2 -s /desktop/gnome/session/required_components/windowmanager "gnome-shell" -t string

Should you encounter any problems, consult the guide. You can find a slightly more detailed guide at webupd8.

Good luck and have fun!

Answer 5

Follow Jon's advice. It may happen, however, that after the installation your Gnome won't look like you would expect it.

I've followed Jon's advice myself and one thing he and others have neglected to mention was the fact you may need to remove gnome-accessibility-themes and install gnome-themes-standard, in case these are not the ones installed by default. Otherwise Gnome 3 and its window decorations won't look so pretty.

You may do so graphically or from the terminal:

sudo apt-get remove gnome-accessibility-themes
sudo apt-get install gnome-themes-standard

If your desktop still doesn't look like like you can see it on screenshots on the net you may need to run gnome-tweak-tool (installing it if you haven't done so yet), go to the Interface section and in fields "Gtk+ Theme" and "Cursor theme" choose Adwaita and as the Icon Theme - "gnome". It should result in the default Gnome 3 look.

An extra optional step is to install the gnome-backgrounds package which adds default Gnome desktop wallpapers, which you can later set in System Settings->Background.

Answer 6

Be more especific with your Ubuntu version I suppose you use Maverick and for Maverick don´t know any repository at this time but if you want to try and compile again look at this first:

http://www.webupd8.org/2010/10/install-gnome-shell-from-git-in-ubuntu.html

Luck :)

Answer 7

There is an iso of gnome shell

http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/GNOME:/Medias/images/iso/

but its a live cd based on openSuse you can install it by putting "liveinstall" as a boot parameter.