Horizontal Adjustment: Overlapping icons
If this is your first experience with Ubuntu, you might have noticed that icons can be arranged in a way where their file names are overlapping.

This is not an error, it's a wanted behavior. The user should not be limited in the ways, he can arrange his icons. If he wants the icons to overlap, he should be able to do so.
What you expected is a "snap to grid"-like functionality like you might know from other operating systems. In Ubuntu you are free to place your icons where you want to place them and lock the arrangement. You might call that "lock to place" instead of "lock to grid".
This means you just have to move the icons until they do not overlap anymore. When you are happy with your arrangement, right-click to open the context menu and choose to lock the arrangement.
Vertical Adjustment: Change the number of displayed lines of icon text

- Install dconf-tools
Open up a terminal with CTRL+ALT+T and install dconf-tools with:
sudo apt-get install dconf-tools
- Change nautilus configuration
Start the dconf editor with the command:
dconf-editor
Then navigate through /org/gnome/nautilus/desktop and change the value for the field-key
text-ellipsis-limit to 0 (if you don't want your file names to be truncated)
or insert a value x > 0 for displaying up to x lines of the file name.
- Restart nautilus
nautilus -q and then open a file-manager window to start nautilus again.
Icon Adjustments: Change details displayed in the icon text
Open a file-manager window and go to Edit -> Settings in the menu. In the Display Tab you can choose which additional should be displayed when the zoom level (Views Tab) is increased. If you choose None, only the name of the folder or file will be displayed.
See the Nautilus Documentation for more info.