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Possible Duplicate:
How to fix "error: unknown filesystem. grub rescue>

My Ubuntu 10.10 system suddenly froze/crashed for no reason and I had to hard reboot my computer. Surprisingly it doesn't load anymore and stay stuck on a grub rescue prompt after an "unknown filesystem" message. That was enough clues to start googling for solutions.

a simple grub rescue > ls show me all partitions on hard drives :

(hd0) (hd0,5) (hd0,1) (hd1) (hd1,1) (hd1,2) (fd0)

According to all answers that I've already found, next logical step is to ls again the specific partition that contains the kernel, which is (hd0,1) in my case :

grub rescue > ls (hd0,1)
unknown filesystem

So here's the problem : I can do a normal ls, but not ls a partition (I tried all of them, just to be sure)

Other (unrelated?) issue, I can't repair anything since all Linux Live CD i try stay stuck in an infinite loading splash screen. The one with small dots below ubuntu logo.

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The "normal" ls that you are doing is running against the crash recovery pseudo-disk stored in initramfs*. The initramfs contains only enough tools to fix the system.

You may find this how to mess with grub rescue article helpful, particularly section "17 Grub Rescue Image".

Does adding a slash:

grub rescue > ls (hd0,1)/

work?

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