VLC media player has visualizations too. vlc
Once installed, while playing an audio file, go to the menu → Audio → Visualization and select a visualization to display. Spectrum is a good one which changes upon beats (as per the requirement of the OP).
Another good player for Ubuntu with visualizations is Audacious. audacious
. The good news about Audacious is, you can enable more than one visualizations with it.
After installation, while playing an audio file, go to View → Visualizations and select one. Here, I'm giving a screenshot of audcious player.
