It is a very strange problem. My usb harddisk has four partitions, one is primary, the other three are logical (contained within an extended partition). When I plug in the disk, three of the partitions are mounted automatically except one--the first logical partition in the extended partition.
Initially I thought it is the problem of system (at that time I used Mint). But after I change to Ubuntu 12.04, the problem wasn't solved. I don't want to add a rule in fstab, and I want to know what happened. The disk is fine, and the partition can be accessed in Windows and mounted manually.
result of dmesg | tail:
[100933.557649] usb 2-1.2: new high-speed USB device number 4 using ehci_hcd
[100933.651891] scsi8 : usb-storage 2-1.2:1.0
[100934.649047] scsi 8:0:0:0: Direct-Access SAMSUNG PQ: 0 ANSI: 0
[100934.650963] sd 8:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg2 type 0
[100934.651342] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdb] 625142448 512-byte logical blocks: (320 GB/298 GiB)
[100934.651977] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off
[100934.651989] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 03 00 00 00
[100934.652836] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdb] No Caching mode page present
[100934.652848] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through
[100934.655354] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdb] No Caching mode page present
[100934.655367] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through
[100934.734652] sdb: sdb1 sdb3 < sdb5 sdb6 sdb7 >
[100934.737706] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdb] No Caching mode page present
[100934.737725] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through
[100934.737731] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI disk
result of parted -l:
Model: SAMSUNG (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 320GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 32.3kB 21.5GB 21.5GB primary ntfs
3 21.5GB 320GB 299GB extended lba
5 21.5GB 129GB 107GB logical ntfs
6 129GB 236GB 107GB logical ntfs
7 236GB 320GB 83.8GB logical ntfs

Ctrl+Alt+T), rundmesg | tail. Then runsudo parted -l. (That's a lower-caseL, not an upper-casei.) If asked for your password enter it (it's fine that you won't see any change while doing so--just type it in and press enter). (4) Select all the text in the Terminal window, copy it to the clipboard, and then provide it here by editing your question, pasting it in, and using the<$>tool. – Eliah Kagan Jun 12 '12 at 19:36