I have a Dell N5110 laptop and the fan is running quickly and noisily often. I'm concerned my laptop might be getting damaged.
Is there any way to identify what is causing this and, if so, how I might fix it safely?
you should consider installing jupiter
you can select power modes with it, its very easy to controll, and I just set it to power on command, you wont notice that your laptop is on, until you start using heavy apps
open terminal and do this.
add the repository
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/jupiter
update
sudo apt-get update
install jupiter
sudo apt-get install jupiter
and to other people reading this and are using an Asus EEPC netbook, install this asswell
sudo apt-get install jupiter-support-eee
Have a nice day :)
Looking at earlier questions, it looks like your laptop is one of those hybrid laptops that have an integrated (Intel) and discrete (Nvidia) GPU. You probably do not need a lot graphical power, so if your BIOS has an option to choose for the Integrated card (disable Optimus mode), do so. Alternatively, you can install Bumblebee which is described in Is a NVIDIA GeForce with Optimus Technology supported by Ubuntu?
sudo apt-get install lm-sensors
and paste the output of thesensors
command, preferably when the system is idling, so we can see the typical temperature of your processor and (depending on the hardware) information about the fan speed