I hope you didn't do a clean install yet. In most cases there's an easy fix for everything!
with this particular problem please try resetting your graphic drivers to the 'out-of-the-box' state. Please enter the following commands,
IF YOU'VE INSTALLED THE DRIVERS FROM SOFTWARE CENTER OR 'ADDITIONAL DRIVERS' :
sudo apt-get remove --purge xorg-driver-fglrx fglrx*
sudo apt-get remove --purge fglrx*
sudo apt-get install build-essential cdbs fakeroot dh-make debhelper debconf libstdc++6 dkms libqtgui4 wget execstack libelfg0 dh-modaliases
sudo apt-get install --reinstall libgl1-mesa-glx libgl1-mesa-dri xserver-xorg-core
sudo mv /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.old
sudo dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xorg
IF YOU'VE INSTALLED FROM ATI HOMEPAGE :
sudo sh /usr/share/ati/fglrx-uninstall.sh
sudo apt-get remove --purge fglrx*
sudo apt-get install build-essential cdbs fakeroot dh-make debhelper debconf libstdc++6 dkms libqtgui4 wget execstack libelfg0 dh-modaliases
sudo apt-get install --reinstall xserver-xorg-core libgl1-mesa-glx libgl1-mesa-dri
sudo mv /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.old
sudo dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xorg
Reboot.
Ubuntu should now boot in graphical mode.
If you wish you can reinstall the ATI drivers again, or just use the open-source drivers
(whatever suits your needs)