Desktop doesn't show anything

Question

My Desktop doesn't show anything:

This was after changing the system language. When the message appeared if I want to change the path names of the home directories, I pressed "Yes".

My files for the desktop are stored in $HOME/Desktop, which is also in /home/<username>/.config/user-dirs.dirs.

I assume the problem in some unity setting file, because when I want to create a new folder manually on the desktop via right-click an error occurs:

Error when getting information for file '$home/Schreibtisch':No such file or directory

This is the path which has been specified as folder for the desktop files in my former language. However, I can't find the file, where this path is stored in and my desktop keeps empty. Can you help me?

Here the output of /home/<username>/.config/user-dirs.dirs:

XDG_DESKTOP_DIR="$HOME/Desktop"
XDG_DOWNLOAD_DIR="$HOME/Downloads"
XDG_TEMPLATES_DIR="$HOME/Templates"
XDG_PUBLICSHARE_DIR="$HOME/Public"
XDG_DOCUMENTS_DIR="$HOME/Documents"
XDG_MUSIC_DIR="$HOME/Music"
XDG_PICTURES_DIR="$HOME/Pictures"
XDG_VIDEOS_DIR="$HOME/Videos"

When I create the directory $home/Schreibtisch and I place a file in it, it appears on the desktop.