I have upgraded our Ubuntu 12.10 remote server to 13.10.
During the upgrade process, I was asked which partition to install Grub2 to. I didn't know which drive was the boot drive, thus I checked all drives.
The GRUB boot loader was previously installed to a disk that is no longer present, or whose unique identifier has changed for some reason. It is important to make sure that the installed GRUB core image stays in sync with GRUB modules and grub.cfg. Please check again to make sure that GRUB is written to the appropriate boot devices.
If you're unsure which drive is designated as boot drive by your BIOS, it is often a good idea to install GRUB to all of them.
Note: it is possible to install GRUB to partition boot records as well, and some appropriate partitions are offered here. However, this forces GRUB to use the blocklist mechanism, which makes it less reliable, and therefore is not recommended.
GRUB install devices:
[*] /dev/sda (3000592 MB; TOSHIBA_DT01ACA300)
[*] /dev/sdb (3000592 MB; TOSHIBA_DT01ACA300)
[] /dev/md1 (536 MB; :1)
[] /dev/md2 (1099510 MB; :2)
Later, I got this message:
GRUB failed to install to the following devices:
/dev/md2
Do you want to continue anyway? If you do, your computer may not start up properly.
Writing GRUB to boot device failed - continue?
I know that /boot
is mounted to /dev/md1
. However, since it's a remote server, I should be %100 sure before rebooting it.
$mount
/dev/md2 on / type ext4 (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
none on /sys/fs/cgroup type tmpfs (rw)
none on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw)
none on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw)
none on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw)
udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,mode=0755)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,size=10%,mode=0755)
none on /run/lock type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=5242880)
none on /run/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev)
none on /run/user type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=104857600,mode=0755)
none on /sys/fs/pstore type pstore (rw)
/dev/md1 on /boot type ext3 (rw)
/dev/md3 on /home type ext4 (rw)
systemd on /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd type cgroup (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,none,name=systemd)
How can I be sure that Grub was installed correctly?
the output of sudo parted -l
is:
$ sudo parted -l
Model: ATA TOSHIBA DT01ACA3 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 3001GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
5 1049kB 2097kB 1049kB bios_grub
1 2097kB 8592MB 8590MB raid
2 8592MB 9129MB 537MB raid
3 9129MB 1109GB 1100GB raid
4 1109GB 3001GB 1892GB raid
Model: ATA TOSHIBA DT01ACA3 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 3001GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
5 1049kB 2097kB 1049kB bios_grub
1 2097kB 8592MB 8590MB raid
2 8592MB 9129MB 537MB raid
3 9129MB 1109GB 1100GB raid
4 1109GB 3001GB 1892GB raid
Model: Linux Software RAID Array (md)
Disk /dev/md0: 8589MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: loop
Number Start End Size File system Flags
1 0.00B 8589MB 8589MB linux-swap(v1)
Model: Linux Software RAID Array (md)
Disk /dev/md1: 537MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: loop
Number Start End Size File system Flags
1 0.00B 537MB 537MB ext3
Model: Linux Software RAID Array (md)
Disk /dev/md2: 1100GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: loop
Number Start End Size File system Flags
1 0.00B 1100GB 1100GB ext4
Model: Linux Software RAID Array (md)
Disk /dev/md3: 1892GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: loop
Number Start End Size File system Flags
1 0.00B 1892GB 1892GB ext4