If you run sudo with wrong password should not happen anything other than the command not being run.
The error HTTP request sent, awaiting response...200k OK
sounds like you are running a http service with sudo maybe wget
or something, and you are getting the page, I may need more info than that.
Running sudo 3 times with the wrong password could not have changed your SU password even if you ran sudo on sudo passwd root
. Unless you forgot the password which is another question, you should try again with the same password since it is the same password as before running sudo.
To add images click the edit button bellow your question(you can find it between share and flag) and follow the instruction as in the picture:
After entering the command
wget -O - https://d2t3ff60b2tol4.cloudfront.net/[email protected] | sudo apt-key add -
I inserted the password and pressend enter the command finishes with an OK.
sudo ls
just dosudo ls > ~/somefile.log
(this creates the file with the output on your home directory). You can then put it online in paste.ubuntu.com and update your answer.